Effect of an Educational Intervention Based on the Protection Motivation Theory on the Self-Care of Patients With Myocardial Ischemia

Objective :

The patients with myocardial ischemia gradually stop following their treatment and self-care behaviors due to high involvement with the treatment process. The present study aims to investigate the effect of an educational intervention based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) on the self-care of patients with myocardial ischemia.

Methods:

 This is a mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative) study. In the first phase, the qualitative approach using grounded theory was used. In the second phase (quantitative), a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design and a control group was conducted. The study population included all patients with myocardial ischemia referred to the Payamabar-e-Azam Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran in 2020. Of whom, 82 were selected using a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the educational intervention at 6 sessions of 90 minutes. The self-care questionnaire of Miller et al. (1982) was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA in SPSS v. 23 software.

Results:

 The results showed that the intervention based on the PMT had significant effect on the self-care of patients (F=144.77, P<0001, eta squared=0.65) such that it led to the increase of self-care in patients.

Conclusion:

 The educational intervention based on the PMT, by relying on proper nutrition, self-care skills, increasing awareness, and relaxation exercises, can be used to increase the self-care of the patients with myocardial ischemia.