Processes and Challenges of Implementing the verdicts of Labor Dispute Resolution Authorities in the Iranian Judicial System

In Iran legal system, according to Article 166 of Labour act (enacted 1990), the verdicts of labour dispute resolution authorities must be implemented in the Judiciary by the Civil Judgments Enforcement Unit. Although the general process of enforcing these verdicts set out in acts, including the Civil Judgments Enforcement Act (enacted 1977) and the Enforcement of Financial Sentences Act (enacted 2015), but the implementation of the verdicts of these authorities is sometimes accompanied with ambiguities and challenges; So that workers face difficulties in achieving their rights. The present article examines these ambiguities and challenges on the basis of descriptive and analytical method. Its findings indicate the ambiguities in the process of implementing the most important rulings of labor dispute resolution authorities, including rulings on financial condemnations (including labors' premiums and their salaries and benefits) and verdicts on non-financial condemnations (including verdict to return to work) has led to the emergence of various procedures in the enforcement units of civil judgments of the judiciary. In addition, the implementation of these verdicts in practice is associated with several challenges, some of which are: Ambiguity in verdicts, the employer's financial inability (whether insolvency or bankruptcy), the employer's refusal to implement the verdict and the Social Security Organization's refusal to implement the verdicts on premium.