A Critical Review of Contemporary Views on the Attribution of the Principality of Essence to Suhrawardi and the superior aspects of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli theory

The authors of this article believe that the conflict between the Principality of existence or Essence is not only verbal but also an important metaphysical challenge between the Originality of Unity and the Originality of Plurality, each of which can have different theological consequences. Regarding the attribution of the the Principality of Essence to Suhrawardi among contemporary scholars, three important views can be distinguished: First, a view that denies the attribution of the Principality of Essence to Sheikh Ishraq and even considers him the originator of the Principality of Existence. Second, a view that does not explicitly deny this attribution, but based on evidence of the Principality of Existence in his words, concludes that the Principality of Existence is the basis of Suhrawardi''s philosophy. Third, the view of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli and some other scholars who consider the system of Suhrawardi''s philosophy based on the Principality of Essence and plurality and therefore contrast it with Mulla Sadra''s philosophical system, which is based on the unity of existence. In this article, the authors use a critical analytical method, based on the study of the works of Suhrawardi and his researchers, while criticizing the three views, to explain the superiority of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli''s point of view and to present their arguments for rejecting other views.