Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components and radiation use efficiency of three types of red, white and pinto beans

Bean plant is very sensitive to water and soil conditions and its quality and its yield is damaged even in short periods of stress. Water deficiency has very negative effects on grain yield and bean yield components. Due to the fact that drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses in the agricultural sector, many efforts have been made to maintain crop yields under drought conditions. Conditions are shortages or high water prices. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield, yield components and efficiency of radiation consumption in growing different types of beans in Mashhad climate.

To investigate the effect of irrigation treatments on grain yield and yield components and radiation use efficiency in three types of experimental beans in the form of split plots based on randomized complete blocks in three replications in the spring of 2016-2017 and 2017-97 in the research farm. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experimental factors include non-stress irrigation (irrigation based on 100% of plant water requirement) and drought stress levels (irrigation based on 75% of plant water requirement and irrigation based on 50% of plant water requirement) as main plot and three types of beans (red, white And Chiti) as sub-plots. Data analysis was performed using SAS software and comparison of means of treatments based on LSD test at a probability level of 5%.

The results showed that the interaction effect of irrigation and bean type on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and radiation consumption efficiency was significant. The highest grain yield, biological yield and harvest index (1421.44 and 4126.6 kg / ha and 35.76%, respectively) were related to red beans and the lowest (872.67 and 2225.5 kg / ha and 52, respectively). / 30%) was related to pinto beans. The highest grain yield, biological yield and harvest index (1602.28 and 4811.9 kg / ha and 39.24%, respectively) were related to stress-free irrigation and the lowest (1093.222 and 3388.8 kg / ha, respectively). 33.06%) was related to drought stress (irrigation based on 50% water requirement). The results of interaction showed that the highest number of pods per plant in non-stress irrigation was red and white beans and the lowest number of pods per plant in pinto beans (with 38.08% reduction) was obtained in non-stress irrigation. The highest number of seeds per pod was obtained in drought stress (irrigation based on 50% water requirement) in red beans and the lowest in pinto beans (with 63.78% decrease) in drought stress (irrigation based on 50% water requirement). The highest 100-seed weight was in non-stress irrigation and the lowest 100-seed weight was in drought stress (irrigation based on 50% water requirement). The highest weight of 100 seeds was obtained in red beans. The highest efficiency of radiation consumption was in non-stress irrigation conditions (1.8 g / mJ) and the lowest was in drought stress treatment (irrigation based on 50% water requirement). Radiation consumption efficiency was higher in red beans (1.9 g / mJ) than white beans (1.6 g / mJ) and pinto beans (1.5 g / mJ).

According to the results, stress-free irrigation and red beans to achieve higher yields, it seems desirable.