Extraction of trigonelline from plasma using a new magnetic composite through the application of experimental design

Bentonite-β-cyclodextrin-iron nanoparticles (Ben-βCD-INP) composite was synthesized,characterized, and utilized like an innovative magnetic solid-phase extraction ( MSPE) adsorbent to separate and preconcentrate trigonelline . Experiment conditions to find important variables of trigonelline adsorption on the Ben-βCD-INP were A: time, B: Adsorbent amount, C: pH and for desorption were A: temperature, B: concentration, C: time, and D: Volume .. The adsorbent contributes significantly in the extraction process. The INP in the nano composite makes it easy to remove the adsorbent with the help of a magnet. Scanning electron microscopy( SEM ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the synthesized adsorbent. Experimental design was used to optimize the factors affecting extraction. trigonelline in plasma samples was extracted and evaluated by a reversed-phase HPLC–UV method. The findings have shown that MSPE was able to extract trigonelline efficiently. The developed HPLC–UV procedure for the determination of trigonelline in human plasma, showed linear relation shipin the concentration interval of 0.05-10 mg/L (r = 0. 9998) with the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery (%) of 0.005, 0.018 mg/L, and 114%, respectively. The procedure was successfully used to determine the concentration of trigonelline in human plasma. This study offers a promising hybrid nano bio material adsorbent in biomedical nanotechnology to selective measurement of the drug or supplements such as trigonelline from plasma.