The Political Thoughts and Actions of Mirza Abolmakarem and Mirza Aboutaleb Zanjani, as a Part of the Constitutional Movement of Zanjan and Iran

Despite extensive studies on Constitutional Revolution, there are some issues that need to be examined further in this subject, including the role of some political activists and influential local elements far from the centers of constitutionalism. In this regard, two Zanjani politicians, namely Mirza Abolmakarem and Aboutaleb Mousavi, were among the political activists of the constitutional period, whose roles and influence has not been examined so far, except for some brief references in public resources. The Zanjani brothers played a valuable role in the confrontation between the two currents of constitutionalism and anti-constitutionalism by rising and falling in political positions and turns. Using original sources, newspapers and new documents, this study uses a descriptive-explanatory method to examine the biographies and political positions of these two Zanjani personalities of the constitutional era. This research claims that Mirza Abolmakarem's constitutionalism was influenced by class considerations and rivalries with emerging families and scholars in Zanjan. Mirza Abutaleb's anti- constitutional stances were also formed due to closeness to the court, competition with scholars such as Behbahani, and Legitimacy movement. These positions led to the consolidation of Mirza Abolmakarem's position in Zanjan and the assassination of Mirza Aboutaleb in Tehran.