Hope, Resistance, and Freedom in the Poemsof Hāfez and Shāmlou

The purpose of the present research is to review the themes of hope, resistance, and freedom in the poems of Hāfez and Shāmlou. Statement of the problem focused in this research is: what political-social concepts were considered by the two well-known Iranian poets (Hāfez from the classic period and Shāmlou from the contemporary era having two different poetry styles) as fundamental and what perception did they present of those concepts? The research relies on the hypothesis that from the view of Hāfez and Shāmlou, fundamental concepts constructing a society involve "hope", "resistance", and freedom" and that the poet's duty in presenting hopeful elements is to encourage the community to resist, fight, and attempt for bringing about freedom in society. In this regard, using Victoria Alexandre's reflection theory, the outlook of the two above-mentioned poets on their society back then was analyzed, relying on fundamental political concepts of "hope", "resistance", ' and freedom". The findings of the present research show that both poets are idealist, reformist, and concerned about society and that their poetry is not merely abstract and imaginary, but rather social change and transformation matter to them.