Bioeconomy: a new economic paradigm in the era of global challenges and complexities

Complexity is a prominent aspect of our world today that imposes requirements on national and international thinking, institutionalism and governance. Almost all areas of human life, including the economy, have been overshadowed by this phenomenon. Although the idea of changing economic paradigm is not new, the comprehensive requirements and challenges of the 21st century have transformed it from a "choice" to a "must". The occurrence of the global pandemic crisis of the Covid-19 disease is a convincing proof of this necessity which emphasizing such a change as well as introducing its origin, i.e. biological sciences and technologies. Scientific advances in biology have led to the fact that instead of depending on natural resources as raw materials, they can be reproduced with the help of biological data, molecules and systems. Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, it seems that the fusion between biological and data sciences has led to a huge and disruptive leap which put the world on the brink of a revolution in economy. In this article, the transformative aspects of biological science developments in the context of the global economy and the emergence of the bioeconomy as irreplaceable alternative of the oil economy is briefly discussed.