The Role of the Column in Achaemenid Architecture and its Comparison with Egyptian and Greek Architecture

Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid dynasty, during his thirty-year reign, after the defeat of the Medes, Lydia kingdoms, and the conquest of Asia Minor, extended his rule to Babylon, Greece, and Egypt and was able to bring their tribes under his rule and appoint the leaders who were called satraps. , put it on them. This expansion of the territory caused peoples and nations to become familiar with Iranians, especially artists and artisans, and caused influenced each other’s works. In this article, an attempt is made to discuss the role of the column, its importance in Achaemenian architecture, and how it was influenced by the architecture of other nations (Greece and Egypt). The results of this research show that the art of Achaemenid architecture consists of several arts from other countries, including Greece, Egypt, Asia Minor, and Mesopotamia. The Achaemenians created a new art by combining these arts. It should also be noted that Iranian architecture has also had an impact on these and other nations. The use of the pillared hall in this way, which is attributed to Greece and Asia Minor, is completely Iranian because this construction method existed in Greece in the 5th or 6th centuries BC; In Iran, this type of work belongs to the 9th century BC. These halls have also been seen in the sites of Noushijan, Babajan, and Godin Tepe, which were built before the Achaemenid period. In Asia Minor, the Altin Apadana of the Urartian Hill is an Achaemenid Apadana. And its date is more recent than the history of the whole building, and it shows that this hall was built in the Achaemenid period.