Investigation of Flower and Bird Painting in the Qajar and Safavid Periods

Since flowers and plants are essential in Iranian painting, during its historical process, it has been researched and studied with different approaches and methods. The purpose of this research is to study the development and completion of flower and chicken painting from the Safavid period to the Qajar period. During this research, it was found that flowers and birds are used in various fields such as tile painting, lacquer works such as mirror work, pencil drawing, jewelry boxes, and textiles. The research questions are: What is the beginning of flower and bird painting in Iran? How is this painting compared to the Safavid to Qajar period in ancient times? How has this painting changed from Safavid to the Qajar period? What was the basis of creating this painting in each period? What is the interpretation of flower and bird paintings in each period? Who are the famous Iranian flower and chicken painters? The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is the library. A lot of research has been done in the field of painting flowers and birds. In this article, the mentioned research has been used to comprehensively examine the painting of flowers and birds in different periods, artists, and their applications. Naturalism has its roots in the ancient beliefs of the Iranian people and has been seen as an essential element in the paintings. The flour art plate is an Iranian painting from Safavid times. During the Zandiyeh era, this method was continued in the form of decorative methods in architecture and practical products. This process continued during the Qajar period with the reopening of the court workshops and continued in the form of applied arts with specific compositions and colors until the end of the Qajar period.