Investigating the Intertextual Relations of the Holy Quran and Lahiji’s Sad Mystical Poems

Literary language and poetry in particular is a suitable platform for the manifestation of Qur'anic teachings by poets, who enable the audience to receive and interpret their poems spiritually by referring their thoughts to the Holy Words of Revelation. In this regard, Hazin Lahiji, a 12th-century Sufi poet, has been influenced by the Qur'an in various ways. Inspiration through divine verses has helped the process of reading and analyzing his mystical poems. His sad poems are accordingly affected in both explicit and implicit forms. Sometimes, they are reflected in the content and sometimes by the words of the Qur'an in such a way that the contents, compositions, themes, and events of the Qur'an, in line with his poems, have created the ground for the variety of expressions and crystallization of his mystical thoughts. The present study was an attempt to investigate Lahiji's method of composing sad poems, which is referred to as ‘intertextuality’ or ‘proportionality’ in modern linguistic discussions. In this view, the authors intended to answer the following 3 questions by examining the poet's poems: 1) In what ways have his sad poems been influenced by the word of revelation? 2) What are the main mystical concepts of sad poetry that refer to Quranic themes? 3) How has Hazin aligned Qur'anic themes with poetic acquisitions in his mystical poems? This research was based on a descriptive-analytical method for analyzing Lahiji's sad poems. The results of this study showed that Lahiji used the techniques of adaptation, simile, allegory, allusion, interpretation, and quotation to translation. The rhetorical layers of his mystical language were adorned with the words of the divine dictators in such a way that the simple interaction between the absent text [the Qur'an] and the present text [poetry] in his poem had made his creativity unfruitful. The pure concepts of mysticism, such as ‘trust’, ‘manifestation’, ‘endurance’, ‘nearness’, ‘annihilation’, and ‘survival’, with the support of divine verses were found in Rohani’s interpretations. In addition, deliberately sad norms and unusual distances from Qur'anic characters, such as Khidr had plunged some of his poems into an aura of poetic appropriation.