The Impact of the Divine Names on Temperament from the Perspective of the Transcendent Philosophy

The issue of Divine Names and Attributes and the human temperament is one of the most fundamental topics of Islamic philosophy and mysticism. Ṣadrā has discussed the Attributes of the Lord in the descending and ascending arcs of the circle of being and has mentioned the temperament as “manner” or “secondary nature”. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to investigate the view of the transcendent philosophy about the effect of the Divine Names on the human temperament. The findings of the research show that according to Mullā Ṣadrā, humans have the same nature but different temperaments, which are also referred to as primary and secondary nature. The primary nature is the manifestation of the Name of Mercy according to which all human beings are created. The human heart is between the two Names of “the Guider” and “the Misguider”, which according to its nature and talent, and with its voluntary actions, it can become a manifestation of either of them. On the one hand, God’s Names play a key role in the formation of the human temperament and have a significant impact on his happiness or misfortune, and on the other hand, this causal impact in the descending arc does not prevent man’s free will to existentially actualize and manifest the Names. Also, decree and destiny find a mystical explanation in this issue.