Structural model of academic self-disability based on perceived parenting style and intelligence-mediated beliefs in students

The purpose of this study is to present a structural model of academic self-disability based on perceived parenting style and intelligence beliefs mediated by daring in students. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and correlation based on structural equations in terms of method. The statistical population of the study was all high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2009-2010. The sample size was 537 students who were selected by cluster random sampling. Research instruments included Gambrill and Ritchie (1975) audacity questionnaire, Jones and Rodwalt (2005) Academic Self-Disability Questionnaire, Perceived Parenting Questionnaire, Implicit Beliefs Assessment Scale (Abdolfattah and Yates, 2006), Abdolfattah and Yates Intelligence Beliefs Questionnaire. There were two subscales of incremental intelligence theory and innate intelligence theory. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and AMOS software. The results of data analysis showed that the structural model of academic self-disability is perceived based on parenting style and intelligence beliefs mediated by daring in students based on experimental data have a good fit. Also, the indirect effect of perceived and IQ beliefs on students' academic disability was confirmed. Therefore, the present study showed that disability itself has a mediating role in explaining and predicting students' audacity. These variables are influenced by intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style and can have a significant effect on students' courage.