The Political Disintegration of Transoxiana during three eras of Uzbekids, Tsarists, Bolsheviks

The Transoxiana region, despite its territorial-cultural and political integration with Iran, had different destiny after the Middle Ages. The most important distinguishing feature was that, in contrast with the unity of political power in Iran, Trasoxiana was always faced with a plurality of power. Although it had experienced integration many times, however, at the beginning of 10th century A.H., it no longer experienced the repetition of such process and this time should be considered the end of territorial integration for this region. Over the course of four centuries, political and territorial division gradually expanded and finally it was established in its most extensive form during the Soviet era. The main issue of this paper is that, what were the reasons for continuation of the disintegration of political power in the new era of the history of this land? The initial response is that "the predominance of tribalism among the Uzbeks, the fear of the reactions of the great powers to the unified occupation of the region in the Tsarist era, the fear of the formation of a unified national identity and being freed from colonial rule in this period and the Soviet era led to political pluralism and even anti-centralism