Analyzing the Relationship between Temporal and Spatial Changes in Daily Surface Temperature and the Spatial Pattern of Land Cover Changes in the Direction of Environmental Sustainability (Case Study: Kashan city_ Iran)

The world is experiencing an unprecedented flow of urbanization. Population growth and urbanization have changed land use in urban areas. One of the consequences of these changes is the increase in the temperature of the earth's surface in urban areas and the formation of a heat island. The main purpose of this research is to monitor the surface temperature of the earth and its relationship with land cover. For this purpose, Landsat 8 and 7 satellite images were taken first. Then, using the supervised classification method - maximum likelihood algorithm, the land cover map was classified into three classes of man-made land, barren land and vegetation and finally, in order to monitor the surface temperature of the earth, the surface temperature map of Kashan city was extracted using single channel algorithm. The analysis of land cover showed that man-made lands increased by 21.05 percent during the years 1385 to 1400, and barren lands and lands with vegetation (with 11.17 percent and 9.88 percent, respectively) has had a decreasing trend. The minimum temperature of the earth's surface has reached from 34.87 degrees Celsius to 42.33 degrees Celsius in 1385 and 1400, respectively. Also, during the 15-year period, the maximum temperature has increased from 59.63 degrees Celsius to 60.70 degrees Celsius. Vegetation has the lowest surface temperature in the studied years. Due to its climatic and spatial nature, the city of Kashan, like other arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, has a lower surface temperature than its surrounding environment, this phenomenon is known as urban cool islands. Moran's spatial autocorrelation analysis at the 99% confidence level showed that the surface temperature data of Kashan city are distributed in clusters. According to the Gi* index, in all the studied years, the maximum temperature belongs to barren lands.