The role of geopolitical variables in the evolution of urban struggles and the transition from guerrilla warfare to the twentieth century

From the beginning of human civilization until now, cities have been the main settlements and centers of vast economic, social and political activities, which today have an undeniable impact on various aspects of life around the world. The political aspect of cities is one of the topics that has attracted the attention of political geographers and in recent years, a lot of research has been done in this field, among which, the discussion of riots and urban struggles has a special place. Citizens engage in a variety of activities related to their social life in the form of peaceful demonstrations, marches, strikes, and even guerrilla warfare, which can vary from time to time. The present study intends to answer the question with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library resources, which geopolitical variables have played a role in the evolution of urban struggles after the twentieth century? After examining the political struggles in urban environments during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the study concluded that urban struggles during this period were influenced by the bipolar atmosphere of the Cold War and the spread of Marxist ideas. In this type of struggle. Also, the significant acceleration of the process of globalization and the emergence of new social and environmental issues in the formation of urban activities in a peaceful framework has led to profound changes in this field. In addition, the anti-geopolitical approach that was introduced during the Cold War continued, and social movements, environmental associations, human rights groups, indigenous popular movements, etc. were defined in the thematic realm of this geopolitical approach.