مجله جغرافیا و روابط انسانی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، زمستان 1401)

The coronavirus was first discovered in Wuhan, China in 2019. In fact, the corona virus is one of the crises that recently put not only health, but also all aspects of human life (economic, social, cultural) at risk. The tourism sector is one of the economic sectors that has suffered a lot of losses due to the emergence and spread of this virus, and unfortunately. Although the unsolicited Covid-19 has created problems for human societies, but with proper efforts and policies, it can be turned from a threat into an opportunity and provide the basis for long-term prosperity and development in order to create suitable economic conditions. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to provide a safe tourism model to sustain the businesses of the tourism sector in the current situation of the corona virus in the tourist city of Sareen. The studied community was the owners of businesses in the tourism sector in Sareen city. Purposeful snowball sampling was used to select the interviewees. The criterion for determining the sample size was to reach theoretical saturation, which in this research was achieved by examining 56 samples from the mentioned society. Data collection was done through open questionnaire, note-taking, interview and using documents. Data analysis was done using open, selective and central coding. Based on this, the research model was created. The results of this research showed that it is possible to solve the problems related to the prosperity of the tourism industry in the city of Sarein through accurate and appropriate planning and policy making and with full compliance with health guidelines and with the supervision and coordination of the relevant institutions and the use of new technologies of the tourism improve industry in the crisis situation of Corona.

Urban landscapes and green spaces are an important and integral part of urban spaces, these places play a significant role in improving the quality of life of citizens and increasing their well-being, so citizens' satisfaction with these places, especially in critical situations such as A pandemic is important, Therefore, citizens 'satisfaction with these places is especially important in critical situations such as pandemics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate citizens' satisfaction with urban parks in pandemic conditions. The required data have been obtained through library resources and questionnaires and have been analyzed by calculating the frequency and mean score of its variables. The results of the data showed that the role of urban parks in reducing the stress caused by the Covid 19 pandemic with an average score of 3.2 is significant and also the existence of an appropriate number of urban parks to reduce population density with an average score of 1.5 indicates a lack of urban green space. In general, it can be concluded that urban parks play an effective role in critical situations such as pandemics and their access should be maintained and strengthened, Also, the facilities needed by these parks to adapt them to pandemic conditions will be increased, in order to increase citizens' satisfaction with these places.

Medical services are one of the most important basic needs of human society, which the current research addresses in the direction of locating medical services in Tabriz metropolis (case study: Taleghani, Mansour and Baghmisheh areas). In this research, we first identified the target areasAnd by using Arc GIS software, we showed the map of the regions and then we used the Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) method. It includes: communication network, security, population, centrality, land, compatibility, and then we defined sub-criteria for each of them. To perform this method, we obtained the final weight matrix by using two-way comparison for each of the criteria and sub-criteria. It should be noted that we have used EXCEL software to perform calculations.Zone A (Taleghani), Zone B (Mansour) and Zone C (Baghmisheh). Based on the data obtained from the analysis of criteria, sub-criteria and options, area A (Taleghani) was identified as the most appropriate and most suitable place to establish a treatment center with a final weight of 0.01134015 due to the large number of residents and the conditions of the area.

The aim of the above research is to simulate the changes of Balikhlichai river using CAESAR model and HEC-RAS hydraulic model in Ardabil province.The results of the HEC-RAS hydrological model showed that the maximum flood area in the return periods of 2000 and 10000 years is 237.2 and 242.2 hectares, respectively, and the probability of occurrence is 99.95 and 99.99 percent, and the width is 1170, respectively. and it is 1288 meters, which will be dangerous for human societies and human facilities.. The results of the cellular automatism model also showed that the morphological changes of the river bed in the sections of width No. 1 in the first interval were equal to 0.5 meters. Also, the changes in the river bed in the second period of the 28 sections showed 1 meter and 30 cm, respectively, in which the minimum and maximum amount of changes can be seen. The changes in the river bed in the third period were about 1.5 meters and the changes in the eighth period were about 1.5 meters. Therefore, it can be concluded that according to the results, the maximum amount of changes in the river bed of Balikhlichai occurred in the third and fourth period near the residential areas of Ardabil province, because human interference has led to the rapid growth of erosion and changes in the river bed. Finally, it is suggested that in future studies, the influence of human societies in creating and increasing the amount of riverbed changes and increasing erosion and sedimentation should be investigated, and preventive measures such as reducing human interference in the riverbed, not encroaching on the river boundary, and preventing land use changes should be carried out. and this will lead to the normal movement of the river in its bed.

Reviewing and evaluating land preparation projects is one of the urban planning policies in the field of service to residents in these lands. The purpose of the present descriptive-analytical research is to investigate the land preparation process in an area of 10 hectares in the city of Basmanj located in the metropolis of Tabriz. SWOT technique has been used to analyze the data. Research data have been collected using library studies and field research. The indicators identified in this study are "distribution of land uses", "network of roads", "physical divisions" and "neighborhood centers", which include 19 sub-indicators. The results indicate that the second proposed design with a total score of "76" was selected as the optimal design, among the selected indicators in this design, the highest score is related to the "network of roads" index (26 points) and then The indices of "distribution of land use" and "physical divisions" were jointly in the second rank (18 points) and finally the indices of "neighborhood centers" (14 points) were in the last rank, respectively. In other words, in the selected plan, how to access the accesses, observing the hierarchy, paying attention to the role and function of the (six) road network, security, and comfort of citizens, designing sidewalks in the area, having minimum intersections and Climate and topographic design was more important.

One of the strategies of rural development is the need to pay attention to all categories of development. Cultural issues in rural areas are less considered by policymakers and planners in rural areas than economic and social issues, while rural areas are inextricably linked with communities. It has a rural area, on the other hand, creating relative prosperity in all areas has always been considered by planners, and today providing leisure time for rural communities is considered as an undeniable issue, accordingly and due to the need to pay attention to leisure. This study seeks to explain the theoretical foundations of leisure and the position of this sector in development projects. Are the physical organs of these areas? According to the views and theories that we have studied in relation to leisure, it can be said that leisure is a socio-cultural concept that causes balance and equilibrium in the social system. According to the geographical view of leisure time, leisure time is a function of two variables of time and place. On the other hand, evaluation of development plans shows insufficient attention to cultural attachments and provision of appropriate infrastructure for leisure time in the physical structure of the village.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effects of social capital on the improvement of social welfare indicators in rural areas of Mehrdasht district of Najaf Abad city. This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical method which was done using library and survey findings. The statistical population of the research was all the residents of 26 villages of Jalgah district, which according to the statistics of 2015, the whole country was equal to 9066 people and 2863 households, of which 370 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. The measuring tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The guide study was conducted in the same area of the statistical population with 30 questionnaires and with the data obtained and using Cronbach's alpha formula in Spss software, reliability was calculated for the components of social capital 0.801 and social welfare 0.802. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed a strong relationship between the social capital component and social well-being at the level of 0.854. In the multiple regression test, all the indicators of social capital were effective on the improvement of the social welfare component. Meanwhile, the index of social communication with 0.751 percent had the biggest role in explaining the indicators of social welfare in the rural areas of Mehrdasht. It can be concluded that with the increase and strengthening of social capital, the level of social welfare in rural areas will also increase. All the hypotheses of the research were confirmed and at the end suggestions were presented according to the results.

Geotourism is a core knowledge that comes from the interdisciplinary integration of the tourism industry with the preservation and interpretation of inanimate nature attractions along with cultural issues related to them in the form of geosites to the general public. The purpose of this research is to investigate the geotourism capabilities of Ardabil province using Kobalikova model and Violet model. For this purpose, three geo-tourist areas including: Nir, Nemin, Sarein were selected. In the current research, the Kubalikova model, which emphasizes scientific, educational, economic, conservation and cultural criteria, was used, as well as the Fiolet model, which examines geotourist areas based on four criteria: origin of formation, geographical distribution, tourism, and access status. . The results showed that according to the Kubalikova model, the geotourist area of Sarein with a value of (9) has obtained the highest score compared to other geotourist areas, and also the results of Violet's model showed that among the geotourist areas of Sarein city with a score of (10) out of the total Effective subjects have different abilities compared to other areas. In the results of the Kubalikova and Violet models, Nemin region received the lowest score in prioritizing geotourist areas. The results obtained from the combination of Fiolet's model showed that the geotourist area has the most favorable conditions for the development and attraction of tourists in Ardabil province. Therefore, it can be concluded that by identifying and creating facilities in the geotourism areas of Ardabil province, it will lead to the attraction of tourists and the development of welfare infrastructure.

Geotourism is one of the growing sectors of the tourism industry, which is related to geomorphological forms and processes. Geotourism is a type of natural tourism that pays special attention to geology and landscapes. The purpose of this research is to identify the geotourism potentials of Sarein city by using the national park model and Hadzik model. In Hadzik's model, the value and importance of each geotourist place is estimated in this method by the indicators of scientific value and surplus values of that geotourist place. Feuillet model is analyzed based on management and tourism rates and their value range. The results of the Hadzik model showed that according to the results of the scientific value, surplus and vulnerability according to the experts and tourists of the geotourist area in Vargesaran, Kanzeq and Viladargh, the values are (37.17), (26.46) and (53.47), respectively. They gave. Based on this, the geotourist area of Viladraq has a high and relatively good potential compared to the other two areas. The results of Feuillet model also showed that according to the studied sub-indices, the geotourist areas of Vila Dargh had the highest score, Derband Vergesaran area was ranked second, and Kanzeq area was ranked third in terms of geotourism capabilities. Therefore, it can be concluded that the geotourist area of Viladragh has more attraction power in terms of geotourism capability than the studied areas in the direction of geotourism development. It is also suggested to conduct several studies based on virgin geotourism resources in future researches to identify virgin geotourism areas.

The expansion and development of the tourism industry as a part of the social and cultural development dimensions of any country, along with paying attention to income generation, employment generation and the category of economy and culture, is of considerable importance. In other words, risk identification and management is one of the approaches used to improve systems. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the impact of hazards on the development of tourism in Meshkinshahr city. The present research is descriptive and analytical and with the help of two statistical communities related to tourism, domestic tourists who entered Meshkinshahr city and officials active in the tourism industry of the region, has investigated the risks affecting the development of tourism. The results of the research showed that the of health and environmental risk from the of view of tourists with a value of 3.75 was assigned the highest score for the threat of tourism development. Also, according to officials, the possibility of structural and functional risk with a score of 3.26 has the most impact on the development of tourism in the studied area. Finally, based on the results, the total scores of the respondents on the impact of the mentioned risks showed that with a value of 2.89, the risk is low and does not have much impact on the tourism development of Meshkinshahr city. Therefore, it can be concluded that by developing in the possible areas of risk, the possibility of risk in the direction of tourism development can be minimized to lead to the development of the tourism industry in Meshkinshahr city, it is suggested that with welfare, economic, health, infrastructural and legal development in the coming years, it will lead to the increasing progress of the tourism industry at the level of Meshkinshahr city.

Today, entrepreneurship is one of the most effective ways to strengthen creativity and innovation among people. Research shows that entrepreneurship has a direct relationship with the progress and development of a country. In this regard, one of the serious needs of the rural society of Iran, which is facing many problems such as poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, etc., is the development and training of entrepreneurship, and considering the relationship between entrepreneurship training and rural development, this is necessary to appear seriously in the educational programs of the country in the society in general and in the villages in particular. The present article has been compiled by a review method and using library resources and searching on internet sites, with the aim of investigating the role of entrepreneurship in rural development programs, and it tries to present the importance of entrepreneurship in agriculture, effective solutions in promoting this process in order to achieve the goals of agricultural and rural development.

There are several reasons to answer the question of why hydrological processes should be modeled. The main answer to this question is the limitation of measurement methods in hydrology. In this study, SWAT model, which is a conceptual and semi-distributive model in the watershed scale, was used for hydrological simulation of Samalghan watershed. After preparing the data according to the desired format, the model was implemented. After sensitivity analysis and determination of important parameters, the model was calibrated and validated. In order to reduce uncertainty, different components of water balance were considered in calibration and observational data of several measuring stations were used simultaneously. Then, SUFI 2 algorithm was used to evaluate and validate the model. The calibration process was performed for the period 2007 to 2013 and the validation process was performed for the period 2014 to 2017. To evaluate the simulation results, indices R2, bR2 (weight correlation coefficient), NS (Nash-Sutcliffe) were used. In the validation stage, the coefficients of R2, bR2 and NS coefficients were 0.74, 0.71 and 0.68, respectively, and in the validation stage, 0.69, 0.62 and 0.95 were obtained. The indicators and graphs obtained in the calibration and validation phase of the model to simulate the monthly runoff flow show that the model has been more successful in the calibration phase. Also, the model has been able to determine the peak time of the Dubai peak. This research provides useful information about the water balance of the Samolghan River basin and helps to more accurately plan water resources in this basin.

The type and intensity of soil erosion in a region depends on climatic conditions, lowland and elevation of the land, soil and land use, among which the importance of land use is greater than other factors due to the effective role of humans on it. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyze the amount of soil erosion in the Balikhlochai watershed using the RUSLE experimental model in Ardabil province. In order to carry out this research, first, the satellite image of the studied area from the year 1400 and the month of June was obtained from the US Geological Survey Center, and after atmospheric and radiometric corrections, a land use map was prepared using the supervised classification method using support vector machine. Then the RUSLE model was used to estimate the erosion rate. SPSS 21, Excel, ArcGIS 5.4, Archydro and ENVI 5.3 software were used to analyze and produce maps in this research. RUSLE model parameter layer including rain erosion layer, soil layer, topography layer, vegetation layer and soil protection factor as well as various statistics related to rain gauge stations, hydrometry, topographic maps 1:50000, geology 1:100000 as well as DEM (20 meters area) and GIS geographic information system and remote sensing have been used. The results of this study showed that the average amount of annual soil erosion for the whole basin ranges from -6.65 to 14.75 tons per hectare per year. Also, the investigation of regression relationships between the factors of RUSLE model and the amount of annual soil erosion showed that the topography factor (LS) with the highest coefficient of determination R^2=0.95 is the most important in the estimation of annual soil erosion using the RUSLE model.

The growth of cities and population growth has changed the structure and imbalance between the body of the city and nature, and increasing the need for public places to pass and acquire comfort. Parks were created in order to balance the urban and nature. But with the passage of time and thriving places; Parks, to the place of crime, also made it difficult to use for all strata. The purpose of this paper is to assess and measure the security factors of women in urban parks with emphasis on environmental security (studied by Allameh Ahvaz); According to the nature of the subject and goals for which predicted, descriptive-analytical type; The statistical population of women in Allameh park, which was selected, were selected randomly. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and Friedman's correlation test, Kurkal Wallis Ht-test. Findings indicate that the ranking of social and security variables based on Friedman test shows that the presence of people at different hours of day with an average of 13\/6, ranked first, communicating with the park with an average of 32\/5, ranked Second, the permeability of motor vehicles, security in the commute with an average of 4.79 in the third place.

Social monitoring, comfort and comfort and socialization, etc. directly affects the desirability of public spaces from the perspective of women, which utilizes this issue and modify and modify any of these independent variables in space Urban can provide adsorbent environments for the presence of all users and especially women.

The agri-food industry has a significant value as the main driver for economic growth and poverty reduction in many countries. Many economic, social and environmental components are involved in the optimal functioning of the supply chain of agricultural and food products. As one of these factors, the corona epidemic has led the agri-food systems to several challenges that must be addressed if the disease period continues or ends. In this perspective, achieving the strategies of the agri-food supply chain in the post-corona era is of special importance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the corona epidemic on the supply chain of agri-food products and to provide strategies based on SWOT analysis in order to minimize the consequences of this disease in the post-corona era. In this study, the required information was obtained through a comprehensive literature review, including strategic documents, scientific journals, and data from the Food and Agriculture Organization. Based on the results of the Corona epidemic, it has had a significant direct and indirect effect on the supply and demand of agricultural products, as well as food insecurity, and this study has presented strategies to face these challenges.

River bed changes, erosion and sedimentation are the natural processes of the river, each of which in turn causes the destruction of lands and huge damages to human facilities. As a developing system, the river always changes its location and morphological characteristics according to the time period, geomorphic factors, geology, water currents and sometimes due to human interventions. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyze the amount of changes in the Khiauchai River bed in different stages using the cellular automaton model in Ardabil province. For this purpose, the cellular automaton model was used to simulate the changes. The CAESAR model is an evolved cellular river model. In this model, for modeling, input data such as topography, daily discharge of the year (2014) and the size of river bed sediments were prepared and in the next step, channel changes were simulated. The results obtained from the cellular automaton model also showed that the morphological changes of the river bed in the cross sections of No. 22 in the second interval were equal to 1 meter. Also, the changes of the river bed in the third period of sections 44 and 60 showed 1 meter and 2 meters, respectively, and the minimum and maximum amount of changes can be seen in these sections. Therefore, based on the results, it can be concluded that the highest amount of changes in Khiauchai River bed occurred in the third period and near the residential areas. In this direction, it is suggested that human interventions should be reduced to a minimum in the third period in order to prevent the increase of river bed changes.

Today, many business processes are embedded in the electronic space, and many services are now offered in cyberspace. The rapid growth of the Internet has also dramatically changed the operating environment of the tourism industry. Service centers, as one of the most important elements of the tourism industry, provide a variety of electronic services to tourists through their portals. In the early years of the development of the Internet and e-business, organizations and companies sought to develop more portals, increase web pages and attract more visitors to their portal, but in the year Recently, improving the quality of portal services has become a higher priority. Considering the importance of satisfying stakeholders in the field of tourism and the need to create competition between tourism centers, this study, based on studies and theoretical perspectives, has developed a conceptual framework and identified components of satisfaction and loyalty of electronic portals. Content analysis used. Based on the available literature, different models have been used to measure the quality of portal services. One of the most comprehensive and advanced models is the EQual model. This model is the result of 4 edited versions of WebQual models. The results of research conducted using this model confirm its high capability in measuring the quality of electronic services. This model has three dimensions: "usability", "information quality" and "service interaction".

As an Eastern and Asian society, in addition to the centralized construction of power, Iran is faced with diverse ethnic and tribal geography within itself and needs its own development model. Mamsani County in the north-west of Fars province, while enjoying traditional construction, has survived the development path in various dimensions. The basis of the research is based on the question that how can the local pattern of development in Mamsani County be explained? The research method has a descriptive-analytical nature and the method of collecting information is library. the results of the research showed that the local development of Mamsani includes a range of mental transformations (in the cultural and social structure), objective transformation (in the structure of economic geography) and the acceleration of virtual communication space (in the structure of political culture) with care It is based on environmental considerations (sustainability of humanity's future) and well-being (human welfare) and is affected by local, national, global (international) and human society scales. Therefore, the local development Pattern of Memsani is derived from development schools (modernization, dependency, globalization and institutionalism), each of which plays a major role in diagnosing and formulating the development path of this County.

Up-to-date and accurate land use maps have played an important role in the management and planning of developing countries. The purpose of this study, in addition to preparing an accurate map of land use in Gilan province, is to compare and evaluate the maps generated using multi-season radar and optical data and also to combination these data together to improve the classification map. In this regard, data with spatial resolution of 10 meters Sentinel 2 optics and VH radar polarization of Sentinel 1 in band C were processed and analyzed to produce land Use map in the new Google Earth Engine processing environment. Processing results showed that the use of Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 radar data alone has kappa coefficients of 0.72 and 0.84% and overall accuracy of 78.51 and 87.41%, respectively. While the simultaneous use of Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 data with the approach of combining data in the Google Earth engine environment achieved very good results. The map was prepared using a simultaneous multi-season combination of Sentinil 1 and 2 with kappa coefficient and overall accuracy of 0.97 and 97.77%, respectively. In this study, Bayer user pixels in Sentinel 1 images due to similarity of redistribution and in Sentinel 2 images due to spectral similarity, caused improper performance of the support vector machine classification algorithm in separating the Bayer class and the city. In general, the results of this study indicate that the simultaneous combination of Sentinel 1 and 2 data to improve the accuracy of classification algorithms for mapping can work very well and separate land classes with high ability.

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and measuring the feasibility of a creative village in the central part of Ardabil city. This research is based on descriptive-analytical nature in terms of applied purpose.The statistical population of the study is 25 rural villages out of five rural districts in the central part of Ardabil city with 14,235 households. The sample size was estimated 375 people based on Cochran's formula. Dispersion of the number of samples in villages by class and based on their proportion of the population. To examine the subject in four physical dimensions, Sociocultural, Economic and environmental 59 items were used in combination based on studies of other researchers. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts in this field and the reliability coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.86. The results indicate that the indicators of the creative village in the four dimensions studied are not in a favorable condition. Also, the results of Coopras technique from leveling 25 villages showed that 13 villages are in the middle level and 12 villages are in the low level. Meanwhile, Jamairan village was at the highest level and Hakim Gheshlaghi village was at the lowest level of creativity.

Natural hazards with their various types and their range of influence as repeated and destructive phenomena have always existed throughout the life of the planet, and after the advent of mankind, they have always been a serious danger to humans. Therefore, this planning before the occurrence Crisis is one of the most important issues facing urban managers today. One of the cities in Iran, which is more than the other cities facing this problem, is Tehran. The 20th district of Tehran is located in the south of Tehran and is one of the areas that is on the dangerous Rei fault, and is one of the major efforts of the past decade in terms of building some infrastructures based on demographic and existing texture. It has not been enough. In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytic method and qualitative and quantitative research to investigate the role of urban open spaces in reducing the damage caused by earthquake with the emphasis on participation of citizens in the region of Tehran. The statistical population of all citizens in Region 20 is 453740. In this study, the present study examines the concept of participation, physical structure of districts in the region 20, the structure of the road network and the consideration of citizens' views on their participation in open spaces after the earthquake. The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between the infrastructure, facilities and the expansion of urban open spaces and the participation of citizens and the damage caused by the earthquake, as well as the lack of planned advertising, the lack of awareness of the facilities and locations of urban open spaces, among the most important Obstacles to the participation of citizens in the use of urban open spaces during an earthquake.

From the beginning of human civilization until now, cities have been the main settlements and centers of vast economic, social and political activities, which today have an undeniable impact on various aspects of life around the world. The political aspect of cities is one of the topics that has attracted the attention of political geographers and in recent years, a lot of research has been done in this field, among which, the discussion of riots and urban struggles has a special place. Citizens engage in a variety of activities related to their social life in the form of peaceful demonstrations, marches, strikes, and even guerrilla warfare, which can vary from time to time. The present study intends to answer the question with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library resources, which geopolitical variables have played a role in the evolution of urban struggles after the twentieth century? After examining the political struggles in urban environments during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the study concluded that urban struggles during this period were influenced by the bipolar atmosphere of the Cold War and the spread of Marxist ideas. In this type of struggle. Also, the significant acceleration of the process of globalization and the emergence of new social and environmental issues in the formation of urban activities in a peaceful framework has led to profound changes in this field. In addition, the anti-geopolitical approach that was introduced during the Cold War continued, and social movements, environmental associations, human rights groups, indigenous popular movements, etc. were defined in the thematic realm of this geopolitical approach.

It is not possible to manage a city without management. The expansion of cities, designers, planners and urban affairs experts to further study the various aspects of urban development and analysis of urban management dimensions to create new solutions. Urban management should be for public information and creating and promoting the culture of urbanization, expanding citizenship and educating citizens in different fields. Therefore, in this study, identifying the factors affecting the improvement of urban management structure and its impact on the development of urban culture and urbanization of Shahrbabak has been considered. Urban management in Shahrbabak with the participation of citizens, protecting citizenship rights and providing appropriate services to them can be successful in the culture of the city and urbanization, this research has addressed the role and function of urban management in Shahrbabak. This research is descriptive-analytical, applied and based on research. In this research, data collection, documentary and field studies (questionnaire preparation) have been used and the study population of Shahrbabak city and the sample size is 382 people who have been used spss software to enter the information and data and analyze them. The urban management structure of Shahrbabak does not have the necessary cohesion, flexibility, efficiency and participation, and it is necessary to pay more attention and more careful planning to grow the culture of the city and urbanization of citizens in Shahrbabak. so informing, educating and empowering citizens to improve their skills and acquiring the correct habits of social life is a necessary prerequisite in the administration of city affairs and this requires planning and social policy making. Urban management of Shahrbabak can be closer to the development of urban culture and urbanization by planning and policy making.

The coronavirus epidemic is first and foremost a great human catastrophe. The Covid-19 virus has many economic consequences and has affected almost every country in the world, so it is expected that the global economy will pass 2020 with a significant recession. Meanwhile, Iran, like many other countries, is embroiled in this global pandemic and is suffering as a result of the economic consequences. This necessity led to the economic consequences of this disease on rural areas. Due to the prevalence of this disease in the world and in Iran, this study was conducted to investigate the economic consequences of coronavirus in rural areas, which in terms of purpose is part of applied research and is descriptive based on the nature and method of research. The statistical population is all the villages of the country. The required information has been collected through the library method and a collection of articles and Internet resources. The results show that the corona has an impact on the supply chain, supply and demand, labor supply, consumption of goods and services, and especially by reducing the income of consumers and producers of agricultural products, tourism, and handicrafts in the short and long term. Rising unemployment and inflation, shortage of labor for farms, the difficulty of delivering products to the market and its waste affect the rural economy.

Rural households due to many problems such as drought, floods and sometimes economic problems such as youth unemployment and poor health, their vitality is always subject to changes and developments that with proper management and good governance - these problems can be reduced and vitality. He gave gifts to the villagers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of good rural governance on the livelihood of rural households in Zahedan. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method of descriptive-analytical work, which is done in two ways: library study and field survey. The statistical population of the study consists of rural households in Zahedan city. Due to the dispersion of villages and their large number, 20 villages were randomly selected as the sample village. According to the 2016 census, these villages have a total of 4456 households equal to It had a population of 18,365, of which 354 were selected using the Cochran's formula. The Cronbach's alpha value is 0.80 for governance indices and 0.85 for vitality indices. Multivariate regression analysis and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the findings. The results showed that good rural governance with an average of 2.839 and the vitality of rural households with an average of 2.773 were lower than the desired situation. The study of the effects of good rural governance on the vitality of rural households showed that good rural governance has the greatest effect with a beta coefficient of 0.398 on the economic vitality variable and the lowest effect with a beta coefficient of 0.147 on the environmental vitality variable. Governance also affects the variables of social vitality and cultural vitality with beta coefficients of 0.321 and 0.256, respectively.

This causal relationship study was conducted with the aim of the view of wheat farmers in Khorramabad city regarding the relationship with agricultural promoters. The statistical population was all wheat farmers in Khorramabad (N = 12500). Using Cochran's sampling formula, 240 of them were selected by stratified random sampling with proportional assignment. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a survey of faculty members of Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and its reliability was used using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSSwin18 software. The majority of farmers believed that the promoters' recommendations were not in their best interests. In addition, the grouping results showed that the studied farmers did not have a positive view of the relationship with the promoters because more than 70% of them had a negative and neutral view in this regard.This causal relationship study was conducted with the aim of the view of wheat farmers in Khorramabad city regarding the relationship with agricultural promoters. The statistical population was all wheat farmers in Khorramabad (N = 12500). Using Cochran's sampling formula, 240 of them were selected by stratified random sampling with proportional assignment. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a survey of faculty members of Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and its reliability was used using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSSwin18 software. The majority of farmers believed that the promoters' recommendations were not in their best interests. In addition, the grouping results showed that the studied farmers did not have a positive view of the relationship with the promoters because more than 70% of them had a negative and neutral view in this regard.