God's Pleasure and the Descent of the Sakinah, Calmness and Tranquillity, upon the Believers in the Rizwan Pledge and Battle of Hunain from the Exegetic View of Allameh Tabatabai

According to verse 18 of Fath, the pledge of Rizwan is the arena of declaring God's pleasure with those who pledge allegiance and the descent of divine grace upon them. According to the verse 26 of Toba, the battle of Hunain is the place where the divine grace descends upon the Muslim warriors. There are two viewpoints of ta`amim, generalization and takhsis, particularzation, among the commentators in recognizing those enjoying God's pleasure and sakinah. Allameh Tabataba'i, relying on a narration from Ibn Abbas and some guiding signs, has agreed with the theory of takhsis. He, therefore, believes in the non-inclusion of the pleasure and descent of the sakinah in relation to all the pledgers in the Rizwan pledge of allegiance and all the Muslim warriors in Hunain. The author has analyzed the evidence of his interpretative theory with analytical-critical method and found the theory of generalization and inclusion to all those who pledged allegiance under the tree Rizwan and also to all warriors of Hunain in harmony with the principles and rules of interpretation. It is also understood that neither the disloyalty and the breaking of promises related to the Ghadeer case and the like, contradicts with the inclusion of Divine pleasure and with the descent of the Sakinah at a specific point of time, such as Rizvan's pledge of allegiance, nor the immediate and temporary warrior`s escape accompanied by repentance, in a war like Hunain, hinders the descent of the Sakinah.