Analepse Technique in the Poetry of Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni based on Gérard Genette's Theory (Comparative Study)

According to Gérard Genette, analepse is one of the new techniques which is utilized for presenting the events of the narrative and anachronism that the poet uses to establish the relationship between events and characters with the past when the narrative revolves around a particular subject or stops. The analepse technique in contemporary narrative poetry, along with saving the narrative from monotony and linearity, assists the clarification of the depth for semantic changes in the narrative and the changes made in the psychological and social states of the characters. In their narrative poems, Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni avoid the linear system of time and ascribe great importance to the features of the past in numerous fields such as strengthening the context of some of the events and comprehensible moments of the narrative and clarifying the ambiguous angles in it. By means of a descriptive-analytical approach, based on the American school of comparative literature principles, the current study aims at implementing the impacts of analepse from the Gérard Genette’s perspective in the poetry of Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni. As the results have indicated, the analepse technique in the poetry of Farouk Gouida and Reza Baraheni is directly related to the intensity of pain and sorrow that these two poets faced in the past. Furthermore, it assists them to know the origins of the problem and offer similar conditions for it in the past. Analepse in Farouk Gouida's poetry, with its general, internal, and external types, has emerged to fill the semantic gaps and complete the shortcomings of the present. However, in Reza Baraheni's poetry, it occasionally tends to change the meaning of the event within a subject belonging to the narrative and is accompanied by the insistence on repeated returns.