Comparison of some examples of shath between Attar´s sonnets and Ahmad Ghazali´s book Sawaneh Al-Oshagh

Shath (or ecstatic utterance of sufists), as the special language of some mystics, has always been the focus of mysticism and Sufism scholars all over the world. There has been a lot of discussion about the characteristics of them, and they have dealt with it from different linguistic, psychological, philosophical, aesthetical, artistic, and other aspects. In the present study, Shath has been compared in the language of two famous Iranian mystics, namely Attar Neyshabouri and Ahmad Ghazali, and in the range of Attar`s sonnets and the book Sawaneh of Ahmad Ghazali. The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical and the data have been collected and analyzed based on library studies. The result of the research is that both Attar and Ghazali have used two examples of shath in their work:”annihilation and subsistence”, and “unification and division”, and each of them has intended almost the same meaning from it. Attar`s language in terms of form and external structure is generally based on placing two sides of a paradox in one hemistich or even make a conjunction with them or adding one to the other to make a possessive compound; However, in Ghazali`s work, one shath expands in the text.