Identifying the Factors that Make Women Feel Insecure in the 19th District of Tehran and Ways to Improve Security

Security is considered one of the necessities of human life, so that since the beginning of history, the most time and money have been spent in different societies to establish security. The current research has been carried out with an emphasis on identifying unsafe points and providing local solutions in order to improve the sense of security among women living in the 19th district of Tehran Municipality.

In this study, qualitative research method and mixed content analysis strategy was used. The target community was women in the 19 districts of Tehran and the samples were selected by targeted sampling. In the data collection phase, the semi-structural and non-participatory observation tools were used and theoretical saturation was obtained after the 27th</sup> interview. The analysis of the qualitative data was done using the MAXDA 2020 software with the directive coding method.

The findings show that the most important causes of insecurity among women are the lack of visibility of place, light and lighting, and visual pollution, emphasizing the presence of homeless and addicts in public spaces, especially "neighborhood gardens". The next case, which is of great importance in creating insecurity in the region, was mentioned under the index of insecure and defenseless urban spaces, the two elements of "Kholazir" and "Kooreha". Due to its fully masculine activities and staff and brick kilns because of its activities and tutorials, they have played an important role in creating a sense of insecurity in the region.

To minimize the sense of insecurity in the region and its negative consequences, projects need to be planned to "create and strengthen local social oversight" with a community-based approach and, on the other hand, brick kilns and the market of kholazir should be organized. Social oversight can be established and strengthened both by official organizations, including law enforcement, and by local community through neighborhood-based social facilitation and promotion plans.