Investigating the effects of micro and nano plastics on tissue damage in aquatic organisms

Micro and nanoplastic pollution is not only a threat to marine organisms and ecosystems, but also a threat to humans. The consequences of acute and chronic exposure are not yet fully understood. In this review, we have collected recent results on the effects of micro- and nanoplastics on different fish species, including brackish and freshwater. In this model, insights into the risks of plastic particle toxicity for Organisms' health is presented with a focus on long-term exposure to different levels of biological complexity in different tissues and organs. Current scientific evidence shows that the toxicity of plastic particles depends not only on factors such as particle size, concentration, exposure time, shape and type of polymer, but also on other factors such as the type of species, which complicates this issue. In this study, we have examined the possible routes of entry of these particles into the body of fish, as well as the different effects on different tissues in aquatic animals, which indicate negative and destructive effects on different parts of the aquatic body. It can provide useful information for further research as well as background for effects on different tissues in aquatic life.