Evaluation of genetic diversity of Sistan native apple genotypes using IRAP and REMP markers

In order to study the genetic diversity of 25 apple genotypes from three regions of Hamoon, Benjar and Emamiyeh of Zabol city and one region of Zahedan, 14 primers of IRAP and REMP were used. All 11 IRAP primers and 3 REMAP primers were able to generate high-resolution, polymorphic band patterns, and were able to identify a total of 61 polymorphic gene loci. The results obtained for the studied primers were as follows: the average percentage of polymorphism among the studied accessions was 39.79, with the lowest percentage of polymorphism belonging to the primer (83003 + K001) and the highest percentage of polymorphism to the primer (8565). The content of polymorphic information (PIC) and marker index (MI) of markers varied between 0.02 up to 0.28 and 0.29 to 0.54 in all studied genotypes respectively. The highest PIC was related to K006 primer and the lowest PIC was related to K001 + 83003 primer, and the highest and lowest MI was related to 8565 and K001 + 83003primers respectively. The results reinforced the possibility that the retrotransposons, which produced the most polymorphisms, were more displaced in the evolution of the plants under study and reproduced more copies within the genome. The results of cluster analysis based on UPGMA method, 25 studied genotypes in three separate groups. The reason for the location of genotypes with geographical origin as well as morphological similarities and the same horticultural traits in different subgroups can be due to the classification of different amounts of mobile elements in these genotypes