Understanding Freedom-Accountability Duality in Governance of Research

Guiding research and changing its content by actors inside and outside of scientific community is a phenomenon that has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of research governance. The purpose of this research is to describe a part of these researches to understand how research is governed. This description has been formed in the reciprocating with a more basic framework, i.e. the freedom-responsibility duality. Thus, by adopting a narrative review approach, after expressing an argument about the possibility of research governance, the main discussions about manner of arranging the authority relations in the field of research have been proposed with a view to the aforementioned duality. This duality, on one side of which is independence and scientific freedom (necessity of self-assignment of research tasks by the researcher) and on the other side of which is accountability and responsibility of research (compliance with external expectations from research), has been historically analyzed and the process of shifting from a contradictory relationship to an interactive and complementary relationship is described. Finally, seven lines of research from its manifestation in the formation of research governance mechanisms have been counted that common feature of all of them is a kind of influence on research while maintaining its functional necessity (research independence).