The Effect of Land Reforms in 1963 on Marginalization and Political-Social Protests in Iran

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of marginalization affected by land reforms in 1963 on riots and popular protests and to provide an answer to these questions: what were land reforms and what were their characteristics and in what political system and the urban system has taken place and what effects it has had on urban political protests. The findings of the authors show that the changes in the production method with the collapse of the semi-feudal system and at the same time the formation of the capitalist system influenced by the world system and also the will of the West with the motivation of injecting modernization and development into the countries The Third World and its guidance by the ruler of the time, which led to land reforms, ultimately led to social mobility and population displacement, which led to the emergence of marginalization in the suburbs of big cities. But the result of this modernization, despite the development of the center of big cities, was nothing but poverty, inequality and injustice for the residents of the suburbs, which itself led to the formation of grounds for uprisings and riots. But what separates this article from other related writings is a new look and an innovative approach to the subject, which is accompanied by a theoretical and methodological innovation. In this article, using the theories of Walt Whitman Rostow, Andre Gunder Frank and Emanuel Wallerstein, the issue has been examined at three levels of micro, medium and macro analysis and the results of the discussion have been analyzed