Analysis of the Spatial Pattern of Factors Affecting Political Election Participation in Iran

The legitimacy of political systems relies heavily on citizen participation, with elections serving as a crucial means of achieving political involvement and promoting democracy. Political participation is deeply intertwined with key issues in political science and sociology, including parties, pressure groups, the relationship between citizens and government, civil society, demographic characteristics, and more. Despite the abundance of texts and articles on political-electoral participation and its underlying causes and motivations, no comprehensive view has yet been taken on this topic. This research employs a mixed approach to provide a broad and inclusive perspective, identifying the key indicators and components that impact participation in elections. Specifically, the study seeks to investigate the factors which affect political participation in Iran. After reviewing 228 articles, 126 effective factors were identified, which were classified into 10 general categories.