Resilience assessment of Sadra urban water distribution network based on urban crisis planning and management under earthquake

Cities are considered flexible but complex systems. Increasing the level of resilience of the urban environment to the stresses caused by the crisis and also minimizing the time of rehabilitation are among the most important factors that should be considered in urban planning and management. The amount of hydraulic resilience of Sadra city water network against earthquakes with different intensities and locations and considering the physical characteristics of the network and the complete characteristics of pipes, both geometric and hydraulic, have been studied. The population index affected by the decrease in the efficiency of the urban water supply network caused by the earthquake has been studied and compared as an important criterion for different scenarios. The results of this study are 5 objectives of identifying critical pipelines, determining the resilience of Sadra water network, determining critical areas based on failure criteria, determining the population affected by pipeline failure and examining different urban areas in terms of water leakage. For this purpose, 18 scenarios with changes in earthquake intensity, earthquake center and two repair strategies with a decrease in the expected consumer demand were examined. The results showed that in earthquakes with less intensity, the northern region has the highest amount of damaged pipes, while with increasing earthquake intensity, the city center is more vulnerable. Likewise, results regarding the Todini index depicted that North is the most vulnerable region and the south is the most resilient region against earthquakes. In addition, the study of leakage diagrams from the pipeline network also confirmed that the highest rate of leakage occurs in the north of the city, as a result of which the most affected population due to earthquake damage to the water supply network is concentrated in the North. Studying the PI index showed that North, with a population of nearly 74,000, is the most vulnerable area. Finally, the time of system return to normal was determined, which shows a positive correlation between earthquake intensity and system recovery time in all three areas.