فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 52 (بهار 1402)

As the most devastating natural disasters, floods are often associated with significant loss of life and property. Every year, floods in Iran cause a lot of damage to economic resources. The occurrence of floods and the resulting damage in Iran has been increasing in recent years. The study aims to investigate the risk of floods and assess the damage to Sabzevar city. To study the flood, the support vector machine model was used for flood modeling. After investigating 56 recorded flood points, ten factors influencing floods' occurrence, including land use, population density, canals, slope classes, residential density, CN coefficient, runoff rate, population density, open space, and age of buildings were considered. Then, Justin and ICAR methods were employed to estimate the study area runoff. According to the envelope and Deacon curve, the flood in the region was evaluated in 25-year and 50-year return periods. The results showed that the model's amount of rainfall could be quickly converted into runoff and after routing to yield and water level in the desired sections. The model was evaluated by various accuracy measures, including kappa coefficient, RMSE, system ROC curve performance and prediction rate curve (PRC). The study aims to investigate floods and the factors affecting their occurrence and identify areas prone to floods using the support vector machine (SVM) model to reduce the crisis and vulnerability to urban floods. According to the studies, it was found that the flood dams on the north side of the city do not correspond to the existing problems in Sabzevar city so that the network of urban thoroughfares is more involved in directing urban floods than the network of Sabzevar canals. Therefore, it is necessary to create suitable channels for directing running water and floods in Sabzevar city so that the role of channels in leading floods is more than urban roads. The results of this study can be used to manage flood vulnerable areas and reduce crises.

How to produce urban spaces and discover what has happened in this process over time makes the type of space production transparent and allows for better planning and management and filling gaps through existing potentials.The purpose of this study is to present a model of urban space production of Abbasabad lands of Tehran metropolis with a magnifying glass of actors and current power relations between them.The methodological approach of this research is qualitative approach. The sampling method is based on the chain method. In order to increase the reliability of quality data, a period of twelve months and individuals in three different executive, scientific and scientific-executive areas related to the production of Abbasabad space were collected. Responsive validation technique has also been used to increase the reliability of quality data. The innovation of this research is the development of a theoretical model of producing a unique urban space with grounded theory and qualitative analysis with Atlasti software.Findings show that the algorithm or model of presence, position and relationships of urbanspace production actors in Abbasabad lands, in a linear-hierarchical manner between government institutions (including government and government institutions and urban management) And the private sector under the banner of the public sector is underway. In the production of this space, there was no mechanism for citizen participation and under the fundamental influence of the system of governance of urban management , the multiplicity of responsible and decision-making institutions and the invasion of interests by various groups in government and governance has led to the prevention of citizens' right to the city which can only be solved by creating integrated management and unit ownership.

Cities are considered flexible but complex systems. Increasing the level of resilience of the urban environment to the stresses caused by the crisis and also minimizing the time of rehabilitation are among the most important factors that should be considered in urban planning and management. The amount of hydraulic resilience of Sadra city water network against earthquakes with different intensities and locations and considering the physical characteristics of the network and the complete characteristics of pipes, both geometric and hydraulic, have been studied. The population index affected by the decrease in the efficiency of the urban water supply network caused by the earthquake has been studied and compared as an important criterion for different scenarios. The results of this study are 5 objectives of identifying critical pipelines, determining the resilience of Sadra water network, determining critical areas based on failure criteria, determining the population affected by pipeline failure and examining different urban areas in terms of water leakage. For this purpose, 18 scenarios with changes in earthquake intensity, earthquake center and two repair strategies with a decrease in the expected consumer demand were examined. The results showed that in earthquakes with less intensity, the northern region has the highest amount of damaged pipes, while with increasing earthquake intensity, the city center is more vulnerable. Likewise, results regarding the Todini index depicted that North is the most vulnerable region and the south is the most resilient region against earthquakes. In addition, the study of leakage diagrams from the pipeline network also confirmed that the highest rate of leakage occurs in the north of the city, as a result of which the most affected population due to earthquake damage to the water supply network is concentrated in the North. Studying the PI index showed that North, with a population of nearly 74,000, is the most vulnerable area. Finally, the time of system return to normal was determined, which shows a positive correlation between earthquake intensity and system recovery time in all three areas.

Tourism is one of the important activities with economic, social and environmental consequences in cities. Tourism development policy is an approach that the city can emphasize by minimizing its negative effects while increasing its benefits. This approach plays an important role in urban development and has various effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tourism and its role in the development of Bojnourd. The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by experts (20 people) and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.718. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The statistical population of the study consists of 233810 citizens of Bojnourd. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula to 384 people and was randomly distributed in Bojnourd. The result of structural equations shows that 95% confidence in tourism development has affected the urban development of Bojnourd. Also, among the variables explaining urban development, the growth of cultural services with a factor load of 0.67 had the highest correlation with the hidden variable of urban development. The variable of development of infrastructure and construction facilities and services with a factor load of 0.66 is in the second place and the variable of improving the livelihood of residents with a factor load of 0.56 is in the third place. The variable of increasing public services with a factor load of 0.52 had the lowest correlation with the hidden variable; Also, the results of the structural model indicate that tourism has an important role in urban development of Bojnourd.

The purpose of this study is to identify the variables of crisis management and strategy implementation in order to develop a model for implementing earthquake crisis management strategy in Bahabad city as a high risk area. The type of research is applied and its method descriptive-analytical. The statistical population in the quantitative phase includes 53 people according to the Crisis Management Law of the country approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly on 2019 and the sample size of 47 people has been calculated based on Morgan table. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that Cronbach's alpha coefficient with 0/803 expresses the desired reliability of the questionnaire. Inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, multivariate analysis of variance) have been used to analyze quantitative data and data-foundation method in qualitative data. Findings show that the proposed model of strategy implementation with a focus on the components of instrumentation - streamlining and institution building follows the effective implementation of strategies in crisis management. This model, in the pre-crisis phase, it emphasizes instrumentation in order to promote resilience. In times of crisis, it also pays attention to prioritizing actions with streamlining. In the aftermath of the crisis, it also emphasizes institutionalization for accurate assessment of damage and, most importantly, the use of support institutions to rebuild, rehabilitate and reform structures. Accordingly, in the proposed model, the implementation of the crisis management strategy, while emphasizing the institutionalization of the extent of harms by using support institutions - emphasis on the media institution and, most importantly, the use of performance monitoring institutions is carefully evaluated.

The development of rural tourism brings with it the expansion of job opportunities, the generation of surplus income, poverty alleviation in rural areas, and cultural and environmental benefits. However, there is always an effective planning gap in policies. Rural development is felt to provide or integrate tourism. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and prioritization of tourist attractions to attract tourism in Baghmalek city. To evaluate the feasibility of tourist attractions, SWOT technique, and prioritize tourist attractions and determine the weights of indicators, a questionnaire was used in the Visual Promethee, SPSS, FAHP model. The statistical population required for the study included 130 tourists, 40 experts, and 150 residents of Baghmalek. The results showed that the feasibility study of tourism in Baghmalek city in the matrix of strategies and executive priorities determines the offensive strategy (SO) (strengths and opportunities). This means that Baghmalek city is in a good position in terms of tourism, which can reduce weaknesses and threats on the one hand by using the capabilities and, on the other hand, by taking advantage of leading opportunities. Took action to develop tourism. Also, based on the results obtained from the Prometheus technique, in the study area, Mal Agha tourist area in terms of natural, historical, and cultural attractions was the priority of tourists, and Imamzadeh Abdullah second priority. in the study area, Mal Agha tourist area in terms of natural, historical, and cultural attractions was the priority of tourists, and Imamzadeh Abdullah second priority.

Belonging is one of the key themes of urban studies. In the redevlopment of neighborhoods located in the Inner city, the participation of residents in redevlompment is a key factor. Belonging provides a platform for participation. Given the prevalence of Service industry and consumerism in cities, belonging is more symbolic and pragmatic. Most of the research in this field also pays attention to the social and pragmatic nature of belonging in the process of neighborhood change and neglects human agency and subjectivism (sense of place) in this issue. This study seeks to fill this gap and examine the correlation between the two. Thus, the purpose of this article is to show that despite the cultural, social and economic diversity in the neighborhoods, the mere emphasis on symbolic and pragmatic belonging causes social segregation and moderates the sense of place (being in place). And it makes for more coherence. The statistical population of the study is the residents of Bagherabad neighborhood of Rasht, the area of which is determined by the comprehensive plan of Rasht and the neighborhood development document. Using Morgan table, 375 people were selected as the study sample. Data were collected by surveying and completing a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between sense of place and belonging and sense of place affects belonging at a moderate level. Honestly' personal feelings are always influential in the actions and behaviors that express their belonging. This means that a person's personal and sincere feeling of belonging to a place must always be consistent with the words and forms of socio-spatial demands. The results also show that the most important indicator sense of place is the Neighbourhood sentiment, which is 84% of the variance, and the most important indicator of belonging is the Influence, which explains 64% of the variance.

Good urban governance is considered as one of the most important and effective approaches in the field of urban management in the world. Because understanding the future of good governance in our country's cities can be very effective in the planning and decision-making of managers, and due to the uncertainty and the need for possible predictions, the present study aimed to identify the key factors affecting good urban governance with a scenario planning approach in Fasa city in the horizon of 1430. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose and method. MICMAC software has been used to analyze the effect of factors on each other. Scenario planning software has also been used to perform scenario calculations (scenario editing). The statistical population consists of 22 experts and scholars in the field of urban management, governance and future research with the necessary and sufficient knowledge and experience. The results indicated that the key factors affecting the future of the Fasa city governance in the horizon of 1430 have been the commitment of urban management to equality before the law, the resistance of urban management to illegal behaviors of citizens, the sense of responsibility of managers and city officials, the honesty of urban management in presenting programs, justice in equal and equitable distribution of urban facilities, absence of corruption in urban management system, reasonable use of resources and facilities, improvement of methods and actions based on modern science, transparency in performance, tolerance and acceptance of various approaches, gender justice, proper control and supervision of urban construction, public participation in planning, planning, decision-making and activities, and transparency in decision-making. In addition, seven scenarios with different combinations of three favorable, static and critical conditions are likely to occur in good urban governance in Fasa city.

Today, the trend of tourism has changed from mass to individualistic patterns, and tourists give more priority to flexibility and meaningful business; Creative tourism is a new and important topic in the field of tourism and has a key role in the growth and development of tourism; Creative tourism is a type of tourism with full influence of the cultural spheres of a society; In this regard; The present article evaluates the capabilities of the creative city of Isfahan for cultural tourism; The research method of this research is descriptive; Documentary; Analytical and survey and its type is user-development; The information was collected in two forms: documentary and survey (questionnaire and interview); The statistical population of this study includes two separate groups; The first group includes foreign tourists in Isfahan, which in 1397 is about 360,000 people; The second group; Including experts; Experts and specialists in the tourism industry in different organizations and universities in Isfahan are calculated equal to 50 people and the resulting data are analyzed using factor analysis and one-sample t-test with SPSS software; Analytical results show; 66 primary variables of cultural tourism in this study; To three factors; Artistic charms; Cultural attractions, social and biological attractions, and the results of factor analysis and findings in the first and second hypotheses show a significant difference (Sig = 0.05) in the third hypothesis using second-order factor models in which a number of Of the hidden variables, measures another hidden variable; As a result, among the indicators of cultural tourism, the index of cultural attractions with a coefficient of 0.85 has the greatest effect on the development of tourism in Isfahan. . It is effective in the development of tourism in Isfahan; In the analysis and interpretation of indicators, it can be said that the number of free parameters for model development, the default value of which is 36

The rapid growth of urbanization, centralized planning and lack of participation of people in decision-making, has caused many problems in the management of cities that these problems can not be solved with traditional management and only by using new management methods can overcome these problems. The city of Arak has various problems such as marginalization, air pollution, traffic, expensive housing that using a good governance model can be one of the appropriate solution to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of lake of good urban governance in the city of Arak through functions affected by the performance of urban management and the level of participation of institutions and citizens in the affairs of the city. The research is applied in terms of implementation method. The information was collected through two methods of documentation and a researcher-made questionnaire with a Likert scale of 5 options. The sampling method is research that 384 citizens were selected using the Cochran’s formula. The results show that in the indicators of good governance after T-tese, the value of obtained is equal to 0.05, which indicates that the lack of good urban governance in the city of Arak. The results obtained from the data analysis in LISREL software show that the hypotheses are significant at the error level of 0.05, so the research hypotheses are accepted and confirmed. Therefore, it can be said that the city of Arak is not in a good position of the indicators of good urban governance.

Changes in the spatial land use structure of cities have exacerbated social issues, including reduced social adjustment among residents of urban residential complexes. In recent years, attention to the dimensions of environmental sustainability and quality of life and healthy communities, has led to more attention to the dimensions of quality in urban and residential environments, according to which, one of the factors to increase the quality of life in people's living environment, adaptation It is social. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cultural capital and social capital as well as the dimensions of social capital with social adjustment among residents of residential complexes in Isfahan in 1398, which was studied with a combination of sociological and psychological theories. Participatory survey and interview were conducted and the data were collected using a questionnaire with appropriate reliability and validity, by cluster sampling and multi-stage stratified random sampling. The statistical population of this study is all individuals and households living in residential complexes in Isfahan with about 1155800 people A total of 385 residents were selected as a sample according to the Cochran's formula. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS software. According to the research in this paper results, there is an inverse and significant relationship between cultural capital and social adjustment of residents. Also, there is a direct and significant relationship between social capital and its dimensions (social trust, connection to social networks and normativeness) and social adjustment of residents

Twentieth-century experiences have shown that an inadequate understanding of how social interactions take shape on urban coastal streets and a lack of attention to human beings and their social needs, such as face-to-face meetings and dealing with others, has rendered streets inefficient. The occurrence of street activity and responding to the needs of social behavior depends on the competence and people's understanding of the capabilities and characteristics of the environment. Therefore, the study of the effect of coastal street capabilities on environmental interaction in Bandar Abbas is one of the main objectives of this study. The present study is a descriptive-survey research in terms of applied purpose and in terms of research method with a structural equation modeling approach. The main research tool for collecting field data is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. For this purpose, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on the impact of effective indicators of this research on the promotion of social interactions among 509 people living in Bandar Abbas. Based on this, 20 effective indicators of environmental capability on promoting social interactions using factor analysis method and SPSS software are classified into three categories: functional capability, perceptual capability and physical capability, using path analysis method and smart pls software were developed Relationships between these factors and their correlation coefficients.The results of the field model showed that the designed structural model has a high fitting capability and has been able to explain 67% of the variance of the dependent variable. Findings indicate an increase in the level of significance of 10.846, 10.525 and 5.585, respectively, in relation to functional capability, perceptual capability and physical capability of an acceptable level of 1.96 and finally confirm the direct and significant relationship between these three variables.

man during his life has always been threatened by hostile nature of nature which may be the most destructive one .earthquake is one of the features of our planet that has sacrificed thousands of lives in the world by itself worldwide Today, due to rapid changes in cities, part of the residential fabric due to inefficiency have not been able to establish a proper relationship with their environment and provide services to users. Because not paying attention to these tissues causes the decline of the city and its heterogeneous development and the creation of new cities on the outskirts of the old city. As a case in point, the residential fabric of Jahrom was investigated due to the excessive extent of the worn fabric and the insecurity of the fabric against the earthquake risk. The present research is based on library studies and field studies in terms of development-applied purpose and in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical study method. To achieve the objectives of the research, the characteristics of the building skeleton, material type, number of floors, age, granulation, permeability, number of units and building quality were extracted. To check the safety status of worn tissue by hot spot method, cluster & outlier analysis tool, a set of tools available in Spatial Statistics Tools related to ArcGIS software has been used. The results of this study show that: 200696 square meters, ie 19.77% of the total area of the fabric with safety levels of 0.01 and is in a completely unsafe priority. Also, the results of optimal management of residential fabric against earthquake risk This is to be reconstructed for 19.77% of the total area of the tissue.

Lack of happiness in society has many negative consequences such as depression, social disorders and the prevalence of violence in social relationships. urban spaces play a significant role in creating a sense of happiness in citizens. The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring and explaining the factors affecting happiness and its promotion in urban spaces of Bushehr. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field survey. Data collection was done through a questionnaire with a sample size of 102 and data analysis was done with factor analysis and regression model in SPSS software. Findings of factor analysis indicate that seven factors of social interactions, cultural-recreational activities, vitality, personalization of space and participation, health and safety, security, diversity and attractiveness are effective in shaping a happy urban atmosphere. Also, the total score of happiness in these factors is the highest in Rishahr Park and the lowest on the coastal pedestrian street. Then, by performing regression analysis, the causal factors of space happiness were ranked, which according to the calculations, the vitality factor with a beta coefficient of 0/525 has the greatest effect on total happiness score of urban spaces. Priorities of intervention in the western Lian pedestrian street include improving the sense of belonging and sense of place, and in the coastal pedestrian street and Rishahr Park, promoting the use of natural elements (water, light, plants, etc.) is a priority. Accordingly, at the end of the article, solutions to promote happiness in the studied spaces are presented.

The Tourism industry in addition to economic efficiency has to cause an inflorescence and a foundation to the sustainable development in different spatial dimensions. In Yasuj city, the growth of tourism, in addition to positive consequences, has created serious challenges for the spatial development of the city. Therefore this study using descriptive-analytical and utilizing field and documentary data, seeks objectives such as study the process of tourists entering (during the years 2001-2016) to the city of Yasuj and then measuring the effects of tourism growth on the spatial development of this city. Therefore, by regression test, using SPSS software, the process of attracting tourists and physical expansion of Yasuj city were measured. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient test is used to measure the relation between the tourism Growth with various indices of physical development of the Yasouj city. Then, using T.test test, the consequences of tourism growth on various economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions have been measured. The results showed that the growth of tourism in the city of Yasuj with a 309 times increase in the number of tourists compared to 2001, has had a significant upward trend. Also the tourism has affected the construction of commercial and accommodation land use and the physical expansion of the Yasouj. So that the total area of tourism-related land uses in 2011, has grown more than 1.25 times compared to 2001. On the other hand, the tourism industry has not have a favorable effect on the economic development of the city. As the results of T.test test showed the tourism growth in the social dimensions has caused a relative increase in the growth of immigration, population, occurrence of social and cultural conflicts and on the other hand has helped the public education and the sense of belonging of the citizens. Also, the effects of the tourism growth in the most environmental components are evaluated unfavorable and destructive. Totally, the negative consequences of the tourism growth of the city of Yasouj have been more than positive ones.