Challenges of Establishing a State Government in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region

The Kurdish political movement began in the early 1920s, and especially after the decision of the League of Nations on December 16, 1925, to annex the Kurdish province of Mosul to Baghdad and Basra (the central government of Iraq). The movement has since pursued a range of goals, from living within the government with a definite right to independence and forming an independent government, but after the US occupation of Iraq in 2003 and the adoption of a permanent new constitution; A federal, democratic and parliamentary Iraq was adopted under Article 1 of this law. In this regard, the question of the present study is why, despite the issue of federalism in the Iraqi constitution, this form of government has not yet been fully implemented in the Kurdistan region. The temporary answer to this question as a research hypothesis is that the reason for the non-implementation and full realization of the formation of the Kurdistan Provincial Government should be sought within the internal level of the KRG, ie the political system and society of Iraqi Kurdistan. In the sense that there are four categories of factors; That is, the factor of flawed structures, the limiting institutional factor, the factor of an incomplete political society, and the factor of unorganized public opinion with rival discourses such as confederalism (in the form of an independent Kurdish state) and the idea of a greater Kurdistan among Iraqi Kurds as independent variables; They have prevented the formation and full realization of the Kurdistan provincial government. In analyzing the factors of the lack of full establishment of federalism in Iraq and its unrest and lack of hegemony in the Iraqi Kurdistan region, it is important that the cooperation of these factors paves the way for establishing the hegemony of federalism and holding a referendum in Iraqi Kurdistan and moving towards Confederalism and the formation of an independent Kurdish state have sounded the bell for the decline of the legitimacy, acceptability and efficiency of federalism in the minds of the people and the elites of the region. So that the discourse of federalism may eventually cede power to rival counter-discourses. To test this hypothesis, the research method of the article is a comparative and analytical method and the purpose of this article is to examine the issue by comparing the Kurdish state government with the federal units in the United States and Switzerland.