England and the process of nation building in Iran (1320– 1300)

In the 19th century and the emergence of the wave of nationalism, the process of building a modern state in Iran also crystallized in the Constitutional Revolution, and since then the attempt to build a modern state or national and inclusive government that rules in the name of law and people's representatives. This required reforms and changes in political contexts and structures, as well as new programs in the fields of economics, culture, and society. On the effectiveness of the first Pahlavi and carrying out some measures and policies aimed at strengthening national unity and maintaining territorial integrity and building Iranian identity on the basis of Westernism and archeology, is the first official government-nation-building policies that from 1304 to 1324 ه.ش. done. Meanwhile, the colonial interventions of foreign countries, especially the United Kingdom, in the internal affairs of Iran and inciting ethnic differences, as well as infiltrating the political system (Shah and the elites) have caused the actions and efforts of this period in a direction contrary to Iran's national interests. The purpose of this article is to examine the measures taken and the dimensions of British colonial interventions in the process of nation-building and the formation of modern national identity in Iran, which the author considers the efforts of patriots and patriots who began before the Constitution and since Amir Kabir. It grew and evolved during the Constitutional Revolution, neutralized in the first Pahlavi period, which resulted in the emergence of internal ethnic-tribal tensions and riots in 1324.