Correlations of serum transthyretin and thyroid hormones with other biochemical parameters in Iraqi pregnant women who undergo spontaneous miscarriage

Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage refers to the loss of a clinically confirmed pregnancy prior 20 weeks of gestation. Reproductive function before, during, or after pregnancy can be greatly affected by changes in thyroid function. Thyroid disease is the most common endocrine condition affecting the women of reproductive age. This study was conducted on Iraqi women with age (20-35) years old who suffered from the spontaneous miscarriage. The study included two groups of Iraqi patients, where the first group (P1) refers to patients (31) with incomplete abortion and the second group (P2) refers to patients (29) with complete abortion. For comparison, twenty-eight Iraqi women control subjects group(C). The results showed significant increase of tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine T4) levels at (P<0.05) between P1 group compared with C group and a highly significant difference at (P<0.01) of transthyretin (TTR) levels between P1 group in comparison with C groups. Furthermore, a significant increase of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of P1 group, as compared with C groups (P=0.013). Moreover, the progesterone and estradiol levels showed a highly significant difference at (P< 0.01) between P1 and P2 groups, and against C group. The study concluded that T4, TSH, and TTR levels were significantly higher in pregnant women with spontaneous abortions compared with normal pregnant women. Furthermore, serum estradiol and progesterone levels were substantially lower in women with spontaneous miscarriage than in healthy pregnant women. Thus, biochemical screening for thyroid and reproductive hormones is essential in early pregnancy to reduce the risk of miscarriage. The current study revealed that the maternal thyroid dysfunction negatively affects pregnancy. It also demonstrates that maternal serum hormones differed significantly between normal pregnant individuals and women who miscarried, and the required level was diagnosed to maintain pregnancy and reduce the miscarriage risk.