Eurasian Chemical Communications
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Feb 2023

The most general algebraic polynomial to obtain a massive number of degree-based topological indices for a specific family of structures is the M-polynomial. In this paper, the M-polynomial of some graph operations was derived including join, corona product, strong product, tensor product, splice, and link of regular graphs. By using those expressions, numerous degree-based indices of the aforesaid operations were computed. The explicit expressions of the indices were also derived for some particular graphs.

Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in Iraq country. Infectious rate with COVID-19 was increased in our country. Aim of this study to was to show more info on the relation between serum vitamin D level and infection’s severity and its relation per other biomarker. This cross-sectional descriptive type that made in COVID-19 infected persons (n=90) attending abograib Hospital, from July 2021 to February 2022, 2020, who were confirmed for COVID-19 infection with RT-PCR. Divided according to the severity as not severe & severe. In this study, 90 patients infected with COVID-19 (age of the patients range from (18 - 65) years old were studied. There were 37 as not severe infected group (13female, 24 male), and 53 severe infected as 21 females, and 32 male.  Level of Serum Vit. D significantly lesser in severe group than those in not severe group (14.2 ± 5.23vs. 31.11± 8.72 ng/ml) respectively. Serum D-dimer, Ferritin, and CRP parameters are significantly lower in in severe group than those in not-severe group (2.23 ± 1.51 vs 0.45 ± 0.32), (620.31 ± 189.56 vs 298.1±194.74), and (63.81 ± 35.2 vs 16.53 ± 12.82) respectively. Vitamin D level was negatively correlated with D-dimer, Ferritin, and CRP levels. This study showed that serum level of Vit. D was lesser in severe group, and it is negatively correlated with other inflammatory marker as D dimer, ferritin, CRP.

Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage refers to the loss of a clinically confirmed pregnancy prior 20 weeks of gestation. Reproductive function before, during, or after pregnancy can be greatly affected by changes in thyroid function. Thyroid disease is the most common endocrine condition affecting the women of reproductive age. This study was conducted on Iraqi women with age (20-35) years old who suffered from the spontaneous miscarriage. The study included two groups of Iraqi patients, where the first group (P1) refers to patients (31) with incomplete abortion and the second group (P2) refers to patients (29) with complete abortion. For comparison, twenty-eight Iraqi women control subjects group(C). The results showed significant increase of tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine T4) levels at (P<0.05) between P1 group compared with C group and a highly significant difference at (P<0.01) of transthyretin (TTR) levels between P1 group in comparison with C groups. Furthermore, a significant increase of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of P1 group, as compared with C groups (P=0.013). Moreover, the progesterone and estradiol levels showed a highly significant difference at (P< 0.01) between P1 and P2 groups, and against C group. The study concluded that T4, TSH, and TTR levels were significantly higher in pregnant women with spontaneous abortions compared with normal pregnant women. Furthermore, serum estradiol and progesterone levels were substantially lower in women with spontaneous miscarriage than in healthy pregnant women. Thus, biochemical screening for thyroid and reproductive hormones is essential in early pregnancy to reduce the risk of miscarriage. The current study revealed that the maternal thyroid dysfunction negatively affects pregnancy. It also demonstrates that maternal serum hormones differed significantly between normal pregnant individuals and women who miscarried, and the required level was diagnosed to maintain pregnancy and reduce the miscarriage risk.

Obesity is a heterogeneous group of conditions and syndromes caused by hormonal metabolic disorders and many other factors. The aim of the work is to establish Ca/K coefficients role to gain weight. An assessment of changes in the characteristics of mineral, biochemical, and hormonal metabolism was carried out in 100 practically healthy patients of both sexes living in Grodno, Belarus. The age of the examined patients was 24.3±0.24 for females and 25.5±0.52 for males. The results show a clear, significant, and correlation-dependent imbalance in the elemental status in overweight patients, both men and women, in the age group of patients ≥ 18  years, which has an imbalance in hormonal levels (pituitary hormones-TSH, thyroid hormones-T3/T4 free, and adrenal hormones cortisol), metabolites, substrates, and enzymes of blood plasma (glucose, cholesterin, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase). The imbalance established in blood serum samples for bioelements (Ca and K), for which there are similar changes in hair samples, suggests that these disorders are associated with metabolic processes in the body, which are expressed in an increase in body weight. The hair Ca/K ratio was greater than 5 in 64% of males with a BMI of 25–29.9. As a result, it is clear that increasing body weight causes a 64% elevation in the activity of hormones regulating calcium, which was not previously considered in the literature. In 92% of females, the increased body weight maximized the activity of calcium-regulating hormones.

CoMFA and CoMSIA methods were used to perform 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) evaluation and molecular docking, of 5-HT6 receptor inhibitors. The CoMFA model performed on training set in biases of alignment with suitable statistical parameters (q2= 0.556, r2 = 0.836, F= 26.334, SEE=0.171). The best prediction for 5-HT6 receptor inhibitors was obtained by CoMFA (after focusing region) model with highest predictive ability (q2= 0.599, r2 = 0.857, F= 30.853, SEE=0.160) in biases of the same alignment. Using the same alignment, a consistent CoMSIA model was obtained (q2= 0.580, r2 = 0.752, F= 34.361, SEE=0.201) from the three combinations. To evaluate the prediction capability of the CoMFA and CoMSIA models, a test set of 9 compounds was used so that they could show the good predictive r2 values for CoMFA, CoMFA (after focusing region), and CoMSIA models, 0.554, 0.473, and 0.670, respectively. The obtained contour maps form models were used to identify the structural features responsible for the biological activity to design potent 5-HT6 receptor inhibitors. Molecular docking analysis along with the CoMSIA model could reveal the significant role of hydrophobic characteristics in increasing the inhibitors potency. Using the results, some new compounds were designed which showed the higher inhibitory activities as 5-HT6 receptor inhibitors.

In this work, the N2O2 ligands AN and AN-Cl and their copper (II) complexes CuAN and CuAN-Cl are prepared and characterized by mass, FTIR, UV-Visible absorption spectrometries, XRD diffraction, and thermal analyses. The reaction of copper complexes CuAN and CuAN-Cl with 4,4'-bipyridine at lab temperature afforded the five coordinated adducts CuANbpy and CuAN-Clbpy, respectively. Likewise, these adducts are formed in solution (CHCl3 and DMF) and followed by absorption spectroscopy. The interaction of copper (II) complex with non-substituted bis-viologen V22+.2PF62- are carried out in DMF media to afford the adducts CuAN-Cl. V22+.2PF62-. The novel molecular switch is obtained after reduction the viologen unites of this adduct in DMF media.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently observed malignancy in females worldwide. Today, tamoxifen (TAM) is considered as the highly effective therapy for treatment of breast tumors. Oxidative stress has implicated strongly in the pathophysiology of malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the levels of oxidants and antioxidants in patients with newly diagnosed and TAM-treated BC. Sixty newly diagnosed and 60 TAM-treated women with BC and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Parameters including total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) activity were determined before and after treatment with TAM. The serum levels of TOC and oxidative stress index (OSI) were elevated significantly (P<0.001) in newly diagnosed BC patients compared with control, while the level of TAC and CAT activity were observed to be statistically declined (P<0.001). Furthermore, the BC patients on TAM treatment have shown highly significant levels of serum TOC (P<0.05) and TAC (P<0.001) with a significant reduction (P<0.001) in CAT activity compared with control. In TAM-treated patients compared with newly diagnosed BC patients, the TOC level was decreased, the TAC level was increased, the OSI level was decreased and the CAT activity was decreased. The results indicate a strong and aggressive association between oxidative stress and the first onset of BC, as well as the tendency of TAM drug to improve the levels of TOC, TAC, and OSI in BC patients, but it had a reduction influence on CAT activity.