DNA vaccines: a powerful strategy for brucellosis control

Brucellosis is a common disease between humans and animals with global distribution and an increasing trend. The control of brucellosis in humans depends on the control of the animal disease. Although there is no approved vaccine for brucellosis in humans, many efforts have been made to develop vaccines with high efficiency and low side effects for animals. Live attenuated vaccines are cheaper and more effective than other vaccines, but they can increase antibiotic resistance, interfere with serological diagnostic tests, and increase virulence in animals. Vaccination of animals with commercially available vaccines may cause disease and, in some cases, have low efficacy.  Vaccines containing recombinant protein or their coding DNA can be suitable alternatives to the conventional vaccines, because they can reduce unwanted side effects. Choosing the suitable antigen that stimulates the immune system is very important in the preparation of these vaccines. In the present study, by observing the new recombinant vaccines that are made based on recombinant proteins and DNA, it has been tried to clarify their strengths and weaknesses and the new perspective of vaccination against brucellosis. There is currently no approved vaccine for brucellosis in humans. In addition, the control of brucellosis in humans depends on the control of the animal disease. This review article searches Google scholar, PubMed, and SID databases for new research on recombinant protein and DNA vaccines against brucellosis until 2021. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of common and new brucellosis vaccines, recombinant and DNA vaccines, after conducting the research stages in large animals, can be a suitable approach to prevent the progress of brucellosis.