Identifying virtual teaching-learning challenges in primary education

Virtual trainings, in spite of many opportunities and benefits, also bring challenges and problems in the teaching-learning process. The current research was done with the aim of providing solutions to solve the challenges of virtual teaching and learning in the education system.

This research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of execution method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts in the field of educational sciences who were selected by snowball sampling. The data collection tool includes semi-structured interviews and the Delphi technique is also used. The validity and reliability of the interviews have also been confirmed according to the opinion of experts.

The research findings show that the virtual teaching-learning challenges in the education system include: technical and technological challenges (including 20 components), pedagogical challenges (45 components) and ethical challenges (16 components). Also, the solutions to overcome the virtual teaching-learning challenges include 17 components.

According to the findings, the problems of virtual teaching and learning in the education system can be reduced to a great extent by proper planning and policy in the fields of technology, pedagogy and ethics.