The Effectiveness of Time perspective Education on Flow and Grit of Female High School Students

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of time perspective on flow and grit in female students in Abarkouh. This is an quasi-experimental research, using a pre-test-post-test approach with control group design. The statistical population was all high school female students, and the participants were 30 students recruited through multi-cluster sampling method. Using simple randomized method, they were divided into two experimental and control groups. To collect data Martin and Jackson flow short form (2008), Duckworth and Quinn Grit Scale(2009) were used as pre-test in both groups. Then, the time perspective education, as the independent variable (intervention), was conducted only in the experimental group in 12 sessions of 90 minutes each; the control group did not receive any instructions. At the end of instructions, the questionnaires were administered again in both groups as post-tests. Data were analysed by covariance analysis. The results showed that the time perspective education instruction has a positive and meaningful impact on flow and grit of female students.