Border and migration: investigating the dual situation of Afghan and Ukrainian immigrants

Political-military developments and turmoil in the two countries of Afghanistan and Ukraine caused by the civil war and foreign invasion in the last two years, in addition to countless pains and sufferings and extensive losses, caused a wide wave of migration of the people of these two countries to other countries. became. Apart from the serious and multifaceted dimensions and consequences of this situation on both the immigrant community and the destination countries, the focus of this article is on the representation of different and sometimes conflicting border policies of Europeans towards immigrants, which is measured by identity criteria and is the basis of confronting them.
Borders as multifaceted phenomena; In addition to the territorial-geographical and political aspects, they have cultural-identity aspects and are identified simultaneously with the two functions of "cooperation and unification" within national societies and "differentiation and segregation" with other societies. In addition to this approach, some border studies experts, relying on identity considerations, today emphasize new functions and dimensions of the border, such as the effect of migration on borders.
This article, by adopting a qualitative approach and relying on secondary statistical analysis, in the framework of descriptive and deep analytical method, while examining the relationship between the issue of borders and immigration, by asking the basic question why, contrary to the human rights obligations of European governments; Are asylum seekers and immigrants valued and divided into "civilized Europeans" and "non-civilized Middle East" in the European border regime? And why and how according to this category, the way of dealing with each one is different?
By choosing a critical approach and examining dual policies in dealing with immigrants and refugees, the author of the article proposes the hypothesis that the adoption of dual approaches by these countries is based on identity considerations and preventing immigration in various ways, including settling in third countries. As for security, it includes preventing the entry of immigrants and fencing the borders against Asian and African immigrants on the one hand, and warm welcome and temporary protection in the face of Ukrainian immigrants.