Evaluation and ranking of urban neighborhoods based on smart city security indicators Case study; neighborhood of Zanjan city

As a home and all its interior spaces provide shelter for the family and its guests, the city and its spaces should provide safety and security for all residents and observers alike. Smart cities are predicted to be the future of human cities, a vibrant, flexible, sustainable, creative, and livable city of technology. And increasingly becoming are part of a national perspective where technologies are widely used to encompass processes of all dimensions of urban development, planning and management. Interest in the concept of smart city has grown steadily over the last few years, research on the Internet of Things and the Urban Area has been presented to clarify definitions, assessments and improvements in smart city services. Smart city security is a global initiative, not for greater profit but to address the security problems of the future and the future of smart cities through collaboration between companies, governments, the media and people's initiatives around the world. At present, safety and security are the main advantages of smart cities. Now the smart city is said to be a city with intelligent components including smart economy, intelligent transportation, intelligent environment, smart citizens, intelligent lifestyle and intelligent office management. In Iran, according to the latest decisions taken at the Ministry of Interior, intelligence has been targeted at least five cities in Urumia, Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad and Tehran. In Zanjan, efforts and efforts to become a smart city are under way. The purpose of this research is to measure the status and ranking of 57 Zanjan neighborhoods in terms of intelligent city security indicators and determine the role of each indicator in determining the current status of neighborhoods in terms of smart city security indicators. This research seeks to answer these two main questions: 1. What is the status and rank of Zanjan's neighborhoods in the smart city security indicators? 2. Which indicators play the most role in determining the current status of neighborhood security?

Methodology :

The present research is methodological, descriptive-analytical and in terms of approach, theoretical and practical. In the first step, the criteria and sub-criteria are derived using the basics and background of the research. In the second step, the criteria and sub criteria of research are categorized. Due to the lack of accurate spatial data in Iranian cities, a researchermade tool has been constructed and a sampling method has been used to measure the indices. After designing a questionnaire, the first pre-test was used to determine the validity and reliability of the measuring instruments for 30 people. The statistical population of the study consists of 110154 households living or active in civilian units with various uses in the 57 district of Zanjan. Sampling was done using a partial method. To determine the sample size, the Cochran method was used and 384 households were selected to complete the forms, which was upgraded to 400 samples to ensure more samples. The reliability of the tool was measured using Cronbach's alpha, 0.871, which confirms the reliability of the tool at the optimal level. In this method, K represents the number of items and Si represents the standard deviation of the total score of the items. According to the purpose and the research questions, using the wikror method, for ranking the neighborhoods in the indexes, and using the scatter coefficient method to analyze the distribution and balance method in the internal distribution of indices in the neighborhoods.

Result & Discussion:

 The results of this study are consistent with the results of the research of Nobakht and Aminian (2015), Sarvqudi and Shakeri (2017), Kalavia et al. (2012) and Philiponi et al. (2010). The present study, which was done using the wikur method and its output was mapped in a map, showed that some of the neighborhoods have a favorable situation and others are in a totally unfavorable situation. The results of this study showed that in total of 57 indicators in Zanjan city, 11 neighborhoods with unfavorable status, 24 undesirable neighborhoods, 17 neighborhoods in somewhat favorable condition and 5 neighborhoods in optimal situation. In explaining the reasons for the situation in Zanjan's neighborhoods in intelligent security indicators, one can analyze that: firstly, the neighborhoods have a favorable situation, in line with the historical context and the business center of the city, or some new settlements with an age of more than 15 years, and the neighborhoods of middle income groups Top of the city, which has significant services in the public and private sectors, and is also superior in terms of infrastructure. Secondly, the neighborhoods are in a state of play in keeping with newer settlements with less history or new settlements under construction and development in which the services and infrastructure are not sufficiently provided, although they are progressing. Thirdly, neighborhoods in an undesirable and totally undesirable condition mainly consist of several types of urban texture. Among them are the newly built and urbanized settlements, old townships and urban wastewater, slum and marginal neighborhoods, and urban-urban neighborhoods integrated into the city and are part of the city's districts, but lack significant infrastructure and public services.

Conclusion :

In total, research findings showed that about 49% of the city's neighborhoods are in an unfavorable position in terms of intelligent security indicators. Given the impact of security on a variety of issues such as citizenship satisfaction, social welfare, development and progress, and so on, the percentage seems to be high and unacceptable. Because security, in today's life, is the alphabet of any urban development and planning. What was learned from the research findings is that there are many problems in the area of intelligent security in the city of Zanjan in the whole of the city, which is often related to the infrastructure section of this issue. Considering the prospect of smart urban development at the international and national level, the need to create an initial infrastructure for a smart urban development is a necessity. There are also significant differences in intelligence security in different city areas. Most of the newly constructed neighborhoods are under construction, due to the incompleteness of infrastructure, the growth of disadvantaged urban areas, urban poverty, or urban frosts, due to the formation of outside the frameworks and principles of urbanization and, ultimately, marginalized or integrated villages in the city due to lack of justice in terms of infrastructure, they are inappropriate in terms of intelligent security indicators.