Satisfaction assessment of empowerment indicators of informal settlements with emphasis on social and economic issues (Case study: Khalilabad neighborhood of Tabriz)

In the 21st century, urban planners all over the world have concluded that paying only physical attention to the dimensions of empowering the residents of informal settlements will lead to nothing but the failure of the plans. Because the lack of a systemic and holistic view in any direction of planning, especially in urban planning, will fuel the spread of problems even more. The issue of empowering informal settlements is not an exception to this rule. Nowadays, besides paying attention to the physical and physical issues of the residents of informal settlements, social and economic issues are also analyzed. Because these two dimensions are the causes and roots of other problems of residents of car settlements. Certainly, not paying attention to the key characteristics of the economic and social components of the residents of informal settlements will fuel much wider problems in the notso-distant future. The spread of all kinds of crimes, social damage, the spread of begging, the deprivation of comfort and security of the residents, the spread of depression, the spread of psychological and emotional problems, etc. are only part of these problems. Knowing the economic and social indicators of empowering the residents of informal settlements to ease the problems and improve the capabilities of the residents of these settlements can be considered a useful and effective approach. Measuring the level of satisfaction with these indicators helps city managers with the objective and subjective aspects of empowering the residents of informal settlements to provide better services to the residents. The current research aims to measure the level of satisfaction of the residents of the informal settlement of Khalilabad, Tabriz, with the economic and social indicators of empowerment.

The current research is applied and descriptive-analytical. The research variables have been identified using library studies and to reach the research questions and hypothesis testing, information has been collected through field study and questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the research were also checked. The validity of the questionnaire was checked by the official method and its reliability was also checked using Cronbach's alpha, and its coefficient was 0.866 for the whole questionnaire. We considered 20 subindices for two social and economic indicators of empowering informal settlements. The statistical population of the research is the residents of the Khalil Abad neighborhood of Tabriz, which is estimated at 27,635 people. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 379 people was calculated with an error level of 5%. To achieve the main goal of the research, Friedman's test was used based on the evaluation and ranking of the level of satisfaction with the social and economic indicators of the empowerment of informal settlements among the residents of the Khalilabad neighborhood of Tabriz. To check the average dimensions of empowerment of the residents of the Khalil Abad neighborhood of Tabriz compared to the average of the society, the sample t-test test was used, and finally, to check the existence or non-existence of the relationship between the social and economic status, the Spearman test was used.

The comparison of the average of the components of the social and economic indicators of empowerment shows that the highest average (2.97) belongs to the "security" component (social index) and the lowest average (1.35) belongs to the "support of the system of local economy and marketing of small neighborhood industries" (economic index). The comparison of the average ratings shows that the highest average rating (9.58) belongs to the "security" component (social index) and which means that the social index and the "security" component are the most important indicators in the satisfaction of the residents. and have been components. After the above component, the other most important components are satisfaction with property status (8.59), nutritional status (8.41), employment status (7.34), income (01. 7/7), vitality and happiness (6/89), enjoyment of citizenship rights (6/50), trust in neighbors (6/21), property legal status (6/18), social stratification (6/14), participation official (6/11), access to employment opportunities (6/04), support for the local economic system and marketing of small neighborhood industries (5/98), access and receiving loans (5/81), savings (5/78), living expenses (5/57), being covered by a support institution (5/54), sense of belonging to a place (5/19), informal participation (5/08) and finally life expectancy (4/94). The table below shows statistical significance. The chi-square value obtained is 867.972, which is at the level of error less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Friedman's test shows that the importance of the mentioned components in connection with the economic and social empowerment of the residents of Khalilabad informal settlement of Tabriz was different. (df=19=P=0.05, chi square=867/972).

Results of the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between two social and economic indicators, and the type of relationship was direct and positive. To the evaluation of the resident's satisfaction with the two components "sense of belonging" (social index) and "employment status" (economic index), it can be said that the satisfaction level of both mentioned components is in a lower state compared to the average. And finally, the results of measuring the economic and social components of empowering the informal settlement of Khalilabad, Tabriz indicated that the components of "security" and "hope for life" with averages of 9.58 and 4.94 respectively They have the highest and lowest ratings among the components of the social index, and also the components of "satisfaction with the property status" and "being covered by a support institution" with the averages of 8.59 and 5.54, respectively, have the highest And they have the lowest rank among the components of the economic index.