Study of Anatomical structure of vegetative organs and developmental stages of the flowers of Cichorium endivia L.

Cichorium endivia is a plant belonging to the family Asteracea. This family with global high distribution, is one of the largest plant family. Since there is no study endive plant in Iran, the present study was to investigate the anatomy and evolution of this plant.

Cichorium endivia is located on the outskirts of Karaj were identified fields and in November 2013 were collected. The vegetative organs were fixed in alcohol-glycerin. This plant flowers in different developmental stages of tiny bud to full flower in the solution 70FAA fixed and were stained for microscopic study.

Cichorium endivia vegetative organs is a kind of dicotyledon. Cichorium endivia anther 4-locular, the tetragonal tetrad arrangement and tapetum at the beginning of anther development of secretory and in the end, is amoebic. Mature pollen grains are spherical and two nuclear. Egg development begins with the formation of egg Prymordium. Globular embryo, clubbing, torpedoes, heart and cotyledon were observed.

Evaluation of anatomical structures of vegetative and reproductive organs showed that the Endive have dicotyledons general features. Pollen grains is from type three-pore. Exine arrangements is acanthaceous type. Observed stages of embryogenesis, the factors is a similarity with the other dicotyledonous.