The challenges of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in the Neo-Talibanism era

The recent developments in Afghanistan that led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government and the re-formation of the Islamic Emirate, doubled the attention of analysts to the issue of Afghanistan. The first period of Taliban rule in Afghanistan was between 1996 -2001. In 2021, the second period of Taliban rule in Afghanistan begun. Therefore, the regaining of power of Taliban in Afghanistan has led to the presentation of different views. Some believe that with Taliban taking power, this country will see peace at the cost of losing democracy; But others believe that the establishment of Taliban did not establish stability in Afghanistan and that the unification of power is not a guarantee for the end of unrest in this country. The basic question is, what major challenges does Taliban face? The findings of the research indicate that the Taliban is facing many obstacles to consolidate the foundations of its government and also to establish stability and security in Afghanistan. Some of these obstacles, such as ethnic differences, rural population and extremism, have historical and cultural roots and were a source of trouble for the previous government, but some of them are directly related to the current government and its functioning. The hypothesis that can be proposed is that the weakness in the management and governance of neo-Talibanism, ethnic and racial divisions and the violence caused by these divisions, identity crisis, fanatical sectarianism, and the problem of obtaining internal and external legitimacy have been among the important challenges in Afghanistan.