Evaluation of urban land use with emphasis on passive defense Using the SOAR model (Case study: Ardabil city)

Throughout history, territories have always been exposed to natural hazards (earthquakes, etc.) and human hazards (war) and have caused a lot of human and financial losses. Therefore, the importance of passive defense before and after the crisis in order to control and reduce the damages is undeniable. In this regard, the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the use of urban land with an emphasis on passive defense, which has been carried out on a case-by-case basis in Ardabil city. The current research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose, and its statistical population consists of experts from Ardabil city, which, using the snowball method, 10 experts familiar with the city of Ardabil and the subject of non-functional Chedafand, were selected as the statistical sample of the research. , were selected and questioned. Also, SOAR strategic management model has been used to analyze the obtained data. The findings of the SOAR matrix implementation show that 4 strengths and 8 opportunities for non-active defense have been identified. Also, in this regard, 9 results and 3 ideals have been compiled (proper location of uses; Ardabil city, equipped with shelters for use in times of crisis; Ardabil city, safe city). The results of the research indicate that despite the existence of a comprehensive planning vacuum in the field of passive defense in Ardabil city, by using the SOAR positive thinking model and with strategic planning, we can hope to improve the performance of the system and reduce the vulnerability of this city.