The Association between Changes in Serum Biomarkers of Inflammatory Mediators and Periodontal Disease

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to damage to soft and hard tissue. Due to the importance of periodontal health in people, this study was designed to investigate the association between changes in the inflammatory mediators with the development of periodontal disease.

The case-control study was conducted on 120 individuals who referred to University of Baghdad, Dentistry School, Department of Periodontics in three groups: healthy group, periodontitis group, and gingivitis group, every group containing 40 individuals (20 men and 20 women). The demographic data of all individuals were recorded in the information form. Periodontal parameters, including bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (pd) and the serum levels of Interleukin-6 (Il-6), Immunoglobulin G (IgG) by ELISA technique, C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated using colorimetric technique.

The mean range of IL-6 was 17.3940±1.509, 17.1432±2.214, 11.3846±1.119, for periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy groups, the mean range of CRP was 5.4477±3.771, 3.5853±3.483, 2.3813±1.134 for periodontitis, gingivitis, healthy groups, and the mean range of IgG was 12.3875±2.073, 15.0109±2.380, 9.4851±1.081 for periodontitis, gingivitis, healthy groups, respectively. Biochemical and periodontal parameters showed highly significant increase in periodontitis and gingivitis groups compared to healthy group (p<0.05).

According to the results of this study, the high levels of inflammatory mediators are associated with periodontal disease, and increase with the progression of periodontal disease, and the transition from gingivitis to periodontitis, and the study's cutoff values can be applied to estimate healthy cases or patients with periodontal disease.