Investigating the Historical Approach to the Anecdotes about Early Judaism and Christianity in the Qur'an and Hadith with an Emphasis on Shia Hadith

In recent centuries, the newly discovered Jewish and Christian books, following the critical approach to the content of the Bible, which was one of the consequences of the Age of Enlightenment, led to a revision of the history and teachings of these religions. In fact, the researchers tried to approach a comprehensive and harmonious reading of the mentioned religions by using the discovered sources. In the meantime, although it is possible to use some data from Islamic sources as an efficient reference, it has not been paid much attention to. The common opinion about this sort of information in Islamic tradition is that according to the common belief of Muslims, all of them were received from the supernatural channel and therefore have no historical value; therefore, it cannot be helpful in solving the problem.  In the first step, this article has paid attention to the Qur'an, and based on the traditions, it has been guided to the inadmissibility of the historical approach to its verses; then the hadiths have been investigated, and the possibility of a historical approach toward them has been proved. In this regard, all traditions related to the history of religions were systematically identified, and their position was understood and determined; then, with the tool of the reference library collection and descriptive-analytical method, narrative reasons and evidence as well as its historical evidence were collected. In the end, the present study achieved four results of having the historical approach to hadiths. It seems that expressing a different report, confirming the contents of the Bible, supplementing the data in the mentioned books and reflecting a new report are the main results of the historical approach to religious traditions that will be effective in the research related to the Bible.