Investigating the regional dimensions of unfair terms to the detriment of the consumer in electronic contracts

The countless advantages of doing electronic transactions compared to doing the same transactions in non-electronic ways, which include saving time, resources, as well as speed and access to many stores at the same time, gave the choice of this platform a significant boost for people's dealings. Along with these countless advantages of doing business in this way, like all new phenomena, there are certainly disadvantages and challenges in this field. Among these defects is the abuse of some sellers and service providers to consumers of their superior power in imposing unfair conditions on consumers who are forced or choose to do their transactions in this space. In Article 46 of the Electronic Commerce Law of 1382, our legislator declared the inclusion of such terms ineffective. But what is the definition of unfair conditions to the detriment of the consumer, or what are the criteria for such conditions, the legislator has not specified. This research aims to analyze and present the legal approach in this field by referring to international documents, including the legal regime of the European Union and the laws of some leading countries in this field.