Criminal policy in criminal prosecution of climate change from international approach to national feasibility

Today, the consequences of climate change inevitably affect various aspects of human life and other living things, and their effects are increasing day by day. Such consequences, which of course have a "physical" nature in their early stages (such as temperature increase, floods, severe climate changes, soil erosion and desertification) towards social and economic dimensions and in the form of migration, loss of resources, change of location, cultural displacement, confusion, social unrest and other cases occur. Basically, policy-making in criminal prosecution should be done with regard to the characteristics of climate change, and on the other hand, this response should be focused on behaviors and crimes that have a significant effect on climate change and intensifying the climate situation or speeding up its process. The criminal response to climate change should be done with a specific mechanism and it cannot be limited to a specific country. This is why global legal responses through relevant conventions and strengthening the functioning of social institutions and the establishment of specialized climate police will achieve better results. It seems that the state of response of criminal law to climate change in Iran is not future-oriented and the type of response is based on looking at the past and not reviving the climate situation or strengthening preventive response regarding such criminal behaviors. In addition, in Iran, in some cases, such as ecocide, fraud in carbon emissions, etc., there are no regulations for punishing and prosecuting them.