The Political Thought of Thaqa al-Islam in the Constitutional Movement

Mirza Ali Thagha-ul-Islam of Tabriz is one of the religious constitutionalist thinkers and fighters of Tabriz, who was in the ranks of the constitutional Mujahideen and was considered one of the opponents of tyranny and colonialism. In Islamic countries, including Iran, the Qajar era considered tyranny to be the cause of backwardness and the establishment of a constitutional system could prevent it. Misharaliyeh played an important role in the formation of constitutionalism in Tabriz and tried to establish unity among the scholars of Tabriz, resolve differences and coordinate with the constitution. The findings and results of this research show that Masharaliyeh believes it is possible to preserve the independence of Iran and Islam by fighting tyranny and establishing the constitution. He believes that the preservation of Iran's independence and constitutional system, the unity of Islam, the independence of religion and the Jafari method are priorities for the country. Masharalieh was one of the representatives of the Mujahideen and Tabriz Association who negotiated with Ain al-Dawlah, which played an important role in providing some of the needs of the people of Tabriz during the 11-month siege of that city, and wrote several letters to Mohammad Ali Shah explaining the negative consequences of the presence of the Russians. The Russian consul made Thaqa-ul-Islam's release conditional on his signing a document blaming the mujahideen for the war. They were hanged and martyred.