دانش نامه علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 11 (تابستان 1402)

The deep impact of the relations (including economic) between Tehran and Yerevan due to the Nagorno-Karabakh war has led to the question of how the economic relations between Iran and Armenia will be in the framework of Eurasian integration after the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis in 2020. Also, the question of whether the Eurasian Economic Union will lead to the growth of relations between Armenia and Iran or will it lead to its decline? It can be hypothesized that the economic relations between Iran and Armenia in the framework of Eurasian convergence after the 2020 Karabakh crisis were affected by the way Baku and Yerevan managed the conflict. If the role and position of the Islamic Republic of Iran is not considered in the management of the Caucasus issue, we will witness a negative impact on the economic relations between Iran and Armenia. Because beyond the role of Turkey for the benefit of Azerbaijan and in opposition to Iran, the presence of the Russian Federation as the main actor in the Eurasian Economic Union as well as the management of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh crisis (considering the extent of Russian influence in Armenia) will be considered as a regulator of relations between Iran and Armenia. became. This article was compiled using descriptive-analytical method and library documents.

In the study and analysis of the contemporary history of Iran, knowing the characters and actors of this era and their role in the occurrence of lasting currents and events is an issue that can help us in knowing more precisely the causes and factors of backwardness, progress and social changes. One of the historical faces known as the father of Iran's reforms is Mirza Taqi Khan Farahani known as Amir Kabir. Mirza Taqi Khan earned the title of Amir Kabir due to his merit and great actions. He carried out fundamental and all-round reforms in the direction of the development of political culture, administrative reforms, economic issues, reforming financial affairs and reforming the situation of the army, in such a way that mostly through measures such as revitalizing the newspaper, establishing Dar al-Funun school, publishing technical books, health, sending students to Europe and hiring European teachers, Amir is considered the founder of modern Iranian thought and culture. This article tries to explain the political performance of Amir Kabir as one of the reformist and developmental characters in the history of Iranian politics by using Spriggan's research method.

One of the most important solutions to solve the problem of high electricity consumption in the country is to pay special attention to social capital in order to expand participation, cohesion and social trust in the management of electricity consumption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the simultaneous effect of social capital, including the variables of participation, cohesion, and trust, and demographic variables on electricity consumption in the household sector of Tehran, using the Pierre Bourdieu theoretical model survey method, which uses a systematic cluster sampling system. . The main question of this research is what effect does the level of culture and social capital have on the optimal consumption of electricity in Tehran?The hypothesis of this research is that: the level of culture and lived experience of people has an effect on their lifestyle, and the higher the culture, the closer the lifestyle is to rationality, and it leads to the optimization of electricity consumption. According to the results, social capital has a significant effect on electricity consumption management. The results showed that the social capital in people's communication, followed by cohesion, participation and trust in electricity consumption, is one of the necessities that can reduce electricity consumption. The results show that the variables of social trust, cohesion and social participation and the level of education of people play an important role in the behavior pattern of electricity consumption, but the demographic variables of gender and age do not have an effect on the behavior pattern of electricity consumption.

Among the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Republic of Azerbaijan is of special importance for Israel due to its geographical location and its location on the roads of the West and the East. Israel considers Azerbaijan to be the gateway to Central Asia and the Caucasus region, and for this reason, this regime, by developing economic, military and security relations with Azerbaijan, is trying to increase its strategic depth by following the Ben-Gurin doctrine and also by getting closer to Iran's borders. strengthen On the other hand, from the point of view of new realism, the first concern of countries is not to maximize their power, but to maintain their position in the international system, so Azerbaijan's strategy in being close to Israel meets the inherent needs of this country to maintain security after independence from the Soviet Union through the acquisition of new military technologies. Strengthening its power against Armenia is due to the issue of the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis and its proximity to the West. Now, the question of this research, which was compiled in a descriptive and analytical way, is in what areas have the relations between Israel and the Republic of Azerbaijan been developed? The results show that there has been an expansion of cooperation in the military and security fields of Azerbaijan and Israel.

The Aras River is considered as one of the border or neighbouring and international rivers; so that the four independent political entities of Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Armenia are looking for their own special, common and overlapping interests due to the multiple functions of the said river and thus the two issues of water and politics, a series of conflicts and controversies (negative hydropolitics). And it has generated relations and cooperation (positive hydropolitics) among the riparian states of the said river. This river is sensitive and important in terms of regional cooperation, because it crosses the borders of countries and forms a long length of border. The fluid nature of water has made it very difficult, complex and multidimensional to resolve the issues surrounding it among political entities, including governments. Based on this, due to the complexity of the hydropolitics of Iran and the neighbouring countries in the Caucasus region (Azerbaijan and Armenia) and the Asian-European country, Turkey has faced a challenge. This paper examines the areas of convergence and divergence influenced by different geopolitical components among the countries of the Aras Basin and presents proposed models. The results show that this river is the bed of special tourist attractions and positive ecosystem effects. Bilateral cooperation in exploiting its potentials in the agricultural and energy sectors is carried out equally between Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and Armenia has joint cooperation with Turkey. However, the water quality of the Aras River has been degraded as a result of actions and exploitation mainly carried out by Armenia and Turkey, and the quantity of water has also been affected by uncoordinated dam construction and indiscriminate use for various purposes. The erosion of the banks, the movement and accumulation of sediments and the occurrence of floods may cause problems, but the non-participation of Armenia and Turkey in the joint exploitation commissions, the pollution of the Aras River, the Karabakh conflict, etc. are among the most important factors of divergence between the countries of the basin. It is the Aras River. Therefore, the joint use and environmental protection of the Aras River and its role in other areas require a review and a convergence approach in all relations, so that the principled exploitation of its resources is carried out under a specific legal framework and conflicts are avoided in the coming years.

Mirza Ali Thagha-ul-Islam of Tabriz is one of the religious constitutionalist thinkers and fighters of Tabriz, who was in the ranks of the constitutional Mujahideen and was considered one of the opponents of tyranny and colonialism. In Islamic countries, including Iran, the Qajar era considered tyranny to be the cause of backwardness and the establishment of a constitutional system could prevent it. Misharaliyeh played an important role in the formation of constitutionalism in Tabriz and tried to establish unity among the scholars of Tabriz, resolve differences and coordinate with the constitution. The findings and results of this research show that Masharaliyeh believes it is possible to preserve the independence of Iran and Islam by fighting tyranny and establishing the constitution. He believes that the preservation of Iran's independence and constitutional system, the unity of Islam, the independence of religion and the Jafari method are priorities for the country. Masharalieh was one of the representatives of the Mujahideen and Tabriz Association who negotiated with Ain al-Dawlah, which played an important role in providing some of the needs of the people of Tabriz during the 11-month siege of that city, and wrote several letters to Mohammad Ali Shah explaining the negative consequences of the presence of the Russians. The Russian consul made Thaqa-ul-Islam's release conditional on his signing a document blaming the mujahideen for the war. They were hanged and martyred.