Assessment of physical-social resilience against earthquakesThe Case study of Esfrain city

There are fundamental and dramatic changes in the attitude towards natural hazards in the world today so that the prevailing view has changed from focusing solely on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience. The purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the physical and social resilience of the neighborhoods of Esfarayen against natural disasters (earthquakes). Research results are applied in terms of descriptive-analytical purpose and application. Library resources, questionnaires, and data from the Statistics Center of Iran in 2016 have been used to collect information in this research. Also, the Mabak ranking method and ARCMAP and EXCEL software have been used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that based on physical-social resilience indices, all 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 neighborhoods that form the northwestern neighborhoods of the city have the highest resilience, and neighborhoods 18, 19, 20 and 6 in the eastern and central regions are less resilient than other neighborhoods. The results showed that Esfarayen urban neighborhoods are not in the same situation regarding indicators affecting physical-social resilience. The neighborhoods of this city are in a different situation in terms of each of these indicators. In terms of physical-social resilience, mainly the eastern areas of the city have the lowest resilience rate because they have an old residential texture and a much higher population density, which indicates spatial inequality in the city.