فصلنامه آمایش جغرافیایی فضا
پیاپی 48 (تابستان 1402)

It seems that by introducing the resilience approach to the activities of the disaster management cycle, a comprehensive approach to drought management can be achieved. In this regard, the intended research seeks to explain the process relationships of disaster management, emphasizing the resilience approach based on community capital. This research has been conducted in the form of a focal correlation survey. The focal correlation analysis method was used to investigate the relationship between the set or dimensions of community capital with the set or dimensions of the disaster management cycle using spss22 software. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was 494 rural residents randomly selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The results obtained from the research showed that out of the 3 centers identified, the first one with an eigenvalue of 0.92 explains the most about the model; the value of the coefficient of determination calculated at 0.48 indicates that 48% of the total variance of the community is accounted for by the center. Human capital is the most effective factor in the preparation stage. In the stage of financial capital reduction, it has the most impact on the resilience of society. In the recovery phase, which refers to the post-drought period, the findings showed that cultural capital plays the most important role.

The excessive increase in the urban population in recent years has caused an increase in consumption and, as a result, the production of all kinds of waste in urban areas. Currently, one of the most important environmental issues in the city of Tabriz is urban waste management. Knowing the opinions and participation of citizens in waste management is essential. Therefore, the current research aims to identify and explain the key drivers affecting citizens' participation in urban waste management. The current research method is an explanatory description with practical-developmental goals. The required data has been collected in two documentary and field methods. The statistical population is all citizens of the Tabriz metropolis. The results showed that the score obtained on the Likert scale is equal to 3.08. The highest averages for regions 1, 2, 9, and 5 are 3.15, 3.13, 3.12, and 3.11, respectively, and the lowest for region 4 is 3.03. Despite the obtained results, there is a possibility of instability due to the low averages obtained. The relationships between them were explained by extracting 44 factors, applying the opinions of 50 experts to determine the importance of factors, and using the interaction/structural effects analysis method in Mic Micmac Fuzzy software. The results showed that the most effective direct factors include social capacity building, active participation of stakeholders, social trust, social capital, civil society institutions and organizations (CSO), establishing interaction between the participant and the participant, and training the rights and duties of citizenship and NGOs. The obtained factors show the role of social factors, cultural infrastructure, and bottom-up planning, which have been associated with positive feedback and successful experiences worldwide in recent years.

In most developing countries soil georeferenced data is not yet available. The FAO prepared the global map through the Coordinated Global Soil Database. The aim of this study was to evaluate the required details of the regional map in comparison with the soil global map of Talar watershed using the SWAT model. In this model, climatic data of 2004-2017 were used to simulate runoff. The first two years were used as model warm-up period, 2005-2015 for calibration and 2016-2017 for model validation. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, was done in SWAT-CUP software with the help of SUFI-2 algorithm. The evaluation of the model was done using the coefficients of explanation (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) statistics. The available soil water capacity (SOL_AWC) parameter was determined as a sensitive parameter. Before calibration, 32.7% (global) and 29.3% (regional) precipitation was simulated as daily flow. After recalibration based on the regional soil map (NSE=0.56 and R2=0.74) and global (NSE=0.56 and R2=0.64) and in the verification stage according to the regional soil map (NSE=0.59 and R2=0.76) and global (NSE=0.62) and R2=0.75) was estimated. The results showed the acceptable performance of the model in flow simulation. Sub-basin 9 (deciduous forest) and 14 (summer pasture) had the lowest and highest share in runoff production, respectively. The regional map provided more reliable results. Although the additional information provided by the regional map, while changing the optimized parameters in the model, has no effect on the outflow of the basin, the results indicated that the regional soil map has no significant effect on the flow prediction, and if it is not available, the global soil map information can be used.

Many experts and regional planners believe that multicenter development can create a balance between growth, dispersion, and compression, and while protecting land, reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reducing motor vehicle trips. Based on this, this article seeks to strengthen the decision makers' understanding of its application by examining the relationship between polycentricity or monocentricity in 31 country provinces, the travel pattern and scattered behaviour. Thus, the logic of the current research is comparative and based on descriptive and correlational methods. First, using two criteria of city size distribution and spatial distribution of centres, the degree of polycentricity of the country's provinces was determined. Then, using Pearson's correlation, the relationship between the spatial structure indicators and topographically dispersed variables and travel patterns at the level of the country's provinces was investigated. The results show that more polycentric provinces generate more trips per person (personal and public). Also, there is a positive and significant link (0.825) between the spatial distribution of cities, the degree of polycentricity of provinces and energy consumption caused by transportation. Although, at first glance, the increase in the share of trips by private car can appear as a threat in multi-centred areas, but according to the travel demand, it can be an economic justification for strengthening public transportation and an opportunity to reduce pollution, especially in multi-centred metropolitan areas. In addition, there is an inverse relationship between the size distribution of cities, and the number and area of building permits (respectively, -0.37 and -0.36), which can indicate the weakening of economic incentives for urban sprawl. Finally, it seems that the polycentric-intensive model can be a more suitable structure for sustainable development.

It is necessary to evaluate the physical texture of Babol according to the local characteristics and the spatial structure of the city and the reasons for its need for spatial reconstruction from the perspective of the smart city approach because urban management can consider defined areas for the city areas that should be accompanied by With technological standards and appropriate policies, the economic and social revitalization of the day in the form of technological development will help the smart city. This research is applied research done with analytical methods and a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the current research includes two sections of experts, whose number is 20 based on available sampling and Babol city residents based on Cochran's formula and random sampling. Two methods of SWARA, determining the importance of indicators, and WASPAS, ranking urban areas, were used for the data. Also, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, regression and Scheffe's post hoc test were used in SPSS software and structural equations in Amos software. According to the results, the indicators of a smart economy, smart government, smart life, smart citizen, smart environment and smart mobility are important in realizing a smart city. Also, based on the results of WASPAS, one area of Babol has a more favorable situation. Therefore, it is necessary for those in charge to pay special attention and have an application program for Region 2 and the context of the city of Babol in general in order to make it smart and achieve sustainable development. 

Nowadays, urban branding plays a necessary role in the process of sustainable development, which, due to the growing growth of urban development in cultural, economic, environmental, etc. dimensions, requires a targeted and comprehensive planning to keep pace with sustainable development. This research deals with the strategic analysis of urban branding and its effect on sustainable development indicators, so that by examining the current situation, it can help to improve the development and branding of the city and consequently achieve sustainable development in the province. The methods of collecting information are library studies and questionnaires. The statistical population of this research consists of two groups. The first group is experts who are aware of the subject, the number of people in this population is unknown and the sample size used is 50 people, and the second group includes policy makers and senior managers, employees with higher education in Bushehr province with a number of 37751 people, and the sample size is using Cochran's formula, the number of people is determined to be 382. The data used were collected through 4 questionnaires whose validity and reliability have been confirmed, and structural equations method with partial least squares approach and SMART PLS software were used to measure the structures and relationships between them. The results indicate that 89.9% of the changes in the dependent variable of development are predicted by the independent variable of the research, and at the confidence level of 95%, the variable of strategic analysis of urban branding has a positive and significant relationship with the development model. Therefore, it is suggested that the urban policy makers, in addition to the strategic analysis of the external and future environment, pay attention to the influence of urban branding factors and compile an urban planning document along with sustainable development.

The truth of livability considering that it refers to the degree of providing the necessities of a society based on the needs and capacity of the people of that society for the growth and development of rural settlements, or in other words, livability promotes quality of life and development of the concepts of the quality of people's living environment so that it provided the best ways of life for them. The present study was conducted to identify and explain the factors affecting the livability of rural settlements using the method of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficient as a survey method. In this research, 6543 heads of rural households in the city of Ilam were surveyed to identify and explain factors contributing to rural settlements' livability. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 363 people, and the sample was selected randomly and the quota sampling method. In this study, a questionnaire was exerted, experts confirmed content validity, and reliability was verified by a pre-test and Cronbach's alpha of 0.864 percent.The results show that the social dimension with a correlation coefficient of 780/. and the explanation coefficient of 66.73%, the economic dimension with a correlation coefficient of 0.593 and the explanation coefficient of 73.66%, the physical dimension with a correlation coefficient of 587. and the explanatory factor of 68.12% and the environmental dimension with a correlation coefficient of 0.585 and an explanatory factor of 23.23% affect the livability of rural settlements in Ilam Township. The results also show that the most important factors affecting livability in the social dimension are working groups with 0.782, in the economic dimension the existence of savings and the appropriateness of living expenses in the village with 0.897 and 0.854, in the physical dimension access to service uses at the regional level with 821. 0 and in the environmental aspect, the lack of houses in the flood path is 0.794.

Considering the persistence of drought and its destructive effects on various socio-economic sectors of Khorasan-Razavi province, this study is aimed at investigating the spatial-temporal changes of drought risk in the province and assessing the vulnerability to it. For this purpose, from the set of meteorological data during the 70-year period (1950-2020) and drought indices such as Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), Rainfall Index (RAI) and Z-Index (ZSI) in order to evaluate the drought situation of the region in four-time scales. 3, 6, 12 and 24 months were used. Then, drought risk and vulnerability were evaluated using four drought risk indices (DHI), drought exposure index (DEI), drought vulnerability index (DVI) and combined drought risk index (DRI). According to the results of the DHI index, severe and very severe droughts correspond to the eastern, central and southern parts, which can be due to the increase in water consumption due to population development, agricultural and industrial development, as well as climate change. According to the results of DVI and DRI indicators, the regions correspond to severe and very severe droughts in the southern, western and central parts. The DEI index showed that in the central, eastern and southern parts of the province, the agricultural sector is the first sector to be affected by the destructive effects of drought due to excessive dependence on soil moisture reserves. Drought risk maps indicate the possibility of the region facing very dry conditions and affecting the water resources of the region in the short and medium term.

The quality of the residential environment is one of the common topics in environmental issues, which focuses on the relationship between people and their residential environment at different levels (home, neighborhood, and city). Therefore, this article evaluates the components of residential quality in the worn-out context of Jahrom city. The current research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and method, respectively. Data has been collected using library studies, field surveys, and questionnaire tools. The sample size for filling out the questionnaire was determined by Cochran's formula and was determined to be 321 people. The research findings were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software structural equation modeling. Based on the experiment and data analysis results, the living situation in Jahrom city is not desirable. Also, it was found that the index of access to services and facilities has the greatest effect on the residential quality of the worn-out texture of Jahrom city. In this context, the role and effect of access to medical, shopping, recreational, sports, religious, educational, etc. centers were greater than other indicators of access, whose factor loading is equal to 0.75. Therefore, the state of residential quality in the worn-out texture of Jahrom city has been at an inappropriate level, and the residential quality indicators have a tremendous role in this field with the improvement of these indicators, such as the level of accessibility, reducing social damage and increasing social security, among other things. Actions can be taken to optimize the residential quality in the worn-out texture of Jahrom city.

There are fundamental and dramatic changes in the attitude towards natural hazards in the world today so that the prevailing view has changed from focusing solely on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience. The purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the physical and social resilience of the neighborhoods of Esfarayen against natural disasters (earthquakes). Research results are applied in terms of descriptive-analytical purpose and application. Library resources, questionnaires, and data from the Statistics Center of Iran in 2016 have been used to collect information in this research. Also, the Mabak ranking method and ARCMAP and EXCEL software have been used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that based on physical-social resilience indices, all 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 neighborhoods that form the northwestern neighborhoods of the city have the highest resilience, and neighborhoods 18, 19, 20 and 6 in the eastern and central regions are less resilient than other neighborhoods. The results showed that Esfarayen urban neighborhoods are not in the same situation regarding indicators affecting physical-social resilience. The neighborhoods of this city are in a different situation in terms of each of these indicators. In terms of physical-social resilience, mainly the eastern areas of the city have the lowest resilience rate because they have an old residential texture and a much higher population density, which indicates spatial inequality in the city.