Fogaha and Metdologhi in Islamic Human Sciences; the study of Imam Khomeini's ijtihad methodology

For several centuries, Western political and social science thinkers have been producing social political ideas and theories with positivist, meta positivist,  critical, understanding, interpretive and hermeneutic methods, etc. in the field of human sciences; If, in the Islamic world and Iran, Fogaha, by using the method of ijtihad, which has more than a thousand years of history in the text of the field, have been able to create and introduce one of the most reliable native methods experienced in the production of thought in the field of Islamic humanities. do However, despite the unique values of the common and conventional ijtihad method in discovering and inferring jurisprudential issues and creating theory in Islamic humanities, the main concern and problem of this descriptive-analytical writing is whether according to the developments and events of the new event Has the common and conventional method of ijtihad "traditional ijtihad" preserved its efficiency and dynamics? And secondly, what advantages and characteristics does the methodology of ijtihad according to Imam Khomeini (RA) have in comparison with the "conventional and traditional ijtihad” method of previous Fogaha? Also, how can the process of Imam's ijtihad process regarding the production of jurisprudential-political thought in the field of Islamic humanities be shown operationally and with concrete and experimental examples? The results and findings indicate that Imam Khomeini (RA) by emphasizing that the principle of ijtihad as a method in creating theory and practice in the field of Islamic humanities should be followed in the best way by fogaha and religious scholars, this It has been mentioned that conventional and traditional ijtihad in the fields is not enough and it will not be able to meet the diverse and complex needs of human societies at this time or in other times. Therefore, one of the methodological innovations of Imam Khomeini in the field of feghahat is opening new horizons. In the field of inference, the role of time and place is in ijtihad by posing the problem. Although there have been references to this issue in the works of great Shiite Fogaha in the past; However, the clear and precise plan and its implementation in the community scene was one of Imam Khomeini's initiatives, as the rereading and recognition of the history of ijtihad is self-explanatory of this issue.